UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549 FORM10-K (Mark One) ☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended:December 31, 2024 ☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to _____________ Commission File No.000-41092 FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware54-1167364(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 1100 Military Road,Kenmore,NY14217(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code) (888)237-6412(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of each exchange on which registeredNasdaqCapital Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes☐No☒ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes☐No☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the SecuritiesExchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file suchreports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes☒No☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submittedpursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was requiredto submit such files).Yes☒No☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smallerreporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smallerreporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☒Emerging growth company☐ Large accelerated filer☐Non-accelerated filer☒ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period forcomplying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of theeffectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act by the registeredpublic accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.☐ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of theregistrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.☐ Table of Contents Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-basedcompensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes☐No☒ The registrant wasnot a public company as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter and,therefore, cannot calculate the aggregate market value of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of suchdate. As of March 25, 2025, there were a total of11,622,952shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE None. FIREFLY NEUROSCIENCE, INC. Annual Report on Form 10-KYear Ended December 31, 2024 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Item 1.BusinessItem 1A.Risk FactorsItem 1B.Unresolved Staff CommentsItem 1C.CybersecurityItem 2.PropertiesItem 3.Legal ProceedingsItem 4.Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity SecuritiesItem 6.[Reserved]Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsItem 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market RiskItem 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary DataItem 9.Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.Item 9A.Controls and ProceduresItem 9B.Other InformationItem 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections PART III Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate GovernanceItem 11.Executive CompensationItem 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder MattersItem 13.Certain