Study on the Possibility of Promoting Quantitative Evaluation Indicators for Strengthening Energy Resilience in the East Asia Region

Edited by Kentaro HayashiAkihiro KimuraHiroki Kudo Studyon the Possibility of Promoting Quantitative Evaluation Indicators forStrengthening Energy Resilience in the East Asia Region Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)Sentral Senayan II 6thFloorJalan Asia Afrika No. 8, Gelora Bung KarnoSenayan, Jakarta Pusat 10270Indonesia © Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2024ERIA Research Project Report FY2024 No. 06Published in July 2024 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrievalsystem, or transmitted in any form by any means electronic or mechanical without priorwritten notice to and permission from ERIA. The findings, interpretations, conclusions, and views expressed in their respectivechapters are entirely those of the author/s and do not reflect the views and policies ofthe Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, its Governing Board, AcademicAdvisory Council, or the institutions and governments they represent. Any error in contentor citation in the respective chapters is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Materialin this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted with properacknowledgement. Preface The occurrence of disasters and their damage have been exacerbated by the effects ofclimate change. In the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region, large typhoonshave been hitting every year, causing unprecedented localised heavy rainfall andresulting in landslides.Additionally, earthquakes are on the rise. In response to thesenatural disaster risks, strengthening each country and region’s national resilience is oneof the main pillars of governments’ disaster prevention and mitigation policies, and thereare ongoing efforts by both the public and private sectors in terms of hardware andsoftware. In the recovery and reconstruction from disasters, the soundness of publicinfrastructure and faster recovery are crucial, especially for energy supplies, such as ofelectricity, gas, oil, and water, which are essential for the speedy recovery of bothresidents and businesses. To deal with the intensifying natural disasters, it is necessary to strengthen the energysupply system and facilities that can respond to hazards. The energy supply side isworking on the seismic reinforcement of facilities and supply networks, damagesuppression and secondary damage prevention measures, and advanced disasterprediction. It has reached a certain level, but there are variations amongst differentcountries and regions. On the other hand, when looking at the demand side of energy, business continuityplanning initiatives for disaster preparedness have become common activities for manycompanies, but the resilience of power facilities on the demand side varies depending onthe company. In such a situation, it is highly meaningful for countries and regions around the worldand private companies to gather and share knowledge and experiences focusing onenergy resilience, and for ERIA to disseminate information from countries and regions tothe world. It is believed that the role of this programme will continue to grow in the future,and we look forward to future efforts. The project team would like to express ourgratitude to everyone who has cooperated with ERIA's workshops so far, and we ask forcontinued support in building a resilient world where countries and regions cancollaborate. Acknowledgements This study was prepared by the Electric Power Industry & New and Renewable EnergyUnit of the Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ). Special thanks go to Dr. Alloysius Joko Purwanto (Economic Research Institute forASEAN and East Asia: ERIA) and his team, Mr. Nuwong Chollacoop (the National EnergyTechnology Center in Thailand: ENTEC) and his team, Mr. Goro Umeyama (Sompo RiskManagement Inc.) and his team, and Mr. Takamune Suzuki (Weathernews Inc). We hope this study contributes to making energy resilient and developing a stable andsolid economy for the ASEAN region and its countries. List ofProject Members Hiroki Kudo,Board Member, Director, Electric Power Industry & New and RenewableEnergy Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), Japan Akihiro Kimura, Senior Researcher, Electric Power Industry & New and RenewableEnergy Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), JapanKentaro Hayashi, Senior Researcher, Electric Power Industry & New and RenewableEnergy Unit, The Institute of Energy Economics, Japan (IEEJ), Japan Table of Contents Prefaceiii Acknowledgementsiv List of Project Membersv List of Figuresvii viii Introduction1 Chapter 2International Efforts to Address Energy ResilienceEnhancement5 Chapter 3Review of Consideration for Building Indicators RelatingEnergy Resilience Enhancement18 Chapter 4Prototype of a Quantitative Energy Resilience Scoring Tooland the Trial Results33 Chapter 5Discussions at the Workshops60 Chapter 6Challenges to be Addressed74 Chapter 7Expected Future Work Regardi