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Tanzania Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment

综合 2025-01-27 世界银行 Andy Yang 杨敏
报告封面

TANZANIA © 2023 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: www.worldbank.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the viewsof the World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors,denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on thepart of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory, or the endorsement or acceptanceof such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. The World Bank encourages the dissemination of itsknowledge; thus this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes, as longas full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625;e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover photo: Shutterstock/jwebb. TANZANIA Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................1 Country Context...................................................................................................................................................5Aims of this Assessment and Conceptual Framework.................................................................................7 CLIMATE CHANGE: OBSERVED TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS.............................................11 Tanzania’s Geography........................................................................................................................................11Observed and Projected Climatology and Sea-Level Rise.......................................................................12Temperature..........................................................................................................................................................13Precipitation...........................................................................................................................................................14Climate Trends and Projections in Zanzibar.................................................................................................15Temperature...........................................................................................................................................................15Precipitation...........................................................................................................................................................16Sea-Level Rises....................................................................................................................................................17Key Messages: Observed and Projected Climatology and Sea-Level Rises.........................................17Climate-Related Hazards...................................................................................................................................18Floods.......................................................................................................................................................................18Droughts..................................................................................................................................................................19Key Messages: Climate-Related Hazards......................................................................................................20 CLIMATE-RELATED HEALTH RISKS...........................................................................................21 Food Security and Nutrition Risks..................................................................................................................22Vector-Borne Disease Risks............................................................................................................................24Waterborne Disease Risks...............................................................................................................................24Heat-Related Morbidity and Mortality............................................................................................................28Air Quality Related Health Risks.....................................................................................................................28Direct Mortality and Injuries.............................................................................................................................30Mental Health and Wellbeing Risks................................................................................................