通过减少需求和供应替代方案保护野生动物：金沙萨餐馆的两项实验（英）

11016 Conserving Wildlife through DemandReduction and Supply Alternatives Two Experiments in Restaurants in KinshasaPublic Disclosure Authorized Abdoulaye CisseGabriel EnglanderDaniel J. Ingram Development EconomicsDevelopment Research GroupJanuary 2025 A verified reproducibility package for this paper isavailable athttp://reproducibility.worldbank.org,clickherefor direct access. Policy Research Working Paper11016 Abstract High aggregate levels of wildlife consumption in CentralAfrican cities may be depleting wildlife populations. Thisstudy explores the impacts of demand and supply-sideinterventions on wild meat consumption through tworandomized control trials in restaurants in Kinshasa, Dem-ocratic Republic of the Congo: a demand-side experimentand a supply-side experiment. In the demand-side experi-ment, 544 subjects were given a coupon to their restaurantof choice and randomly assigned to view either a treatmentvideo discouraging wild meat consumption or a controlvideo unrelated to wild meat. Treatment group subjectsare 31% less likely to order wild meat than control groupsubjects, though this difference is not statistically signifi-cant and may be affected by social desirability bias. In thesupply-side experiment, the research question is whetherrandomly reducing the price of Moambe Chicken, a potential alternative to wild meat, affects restaurants’ totalwild meat sales. The elasticity estimate indicates that a 1%reduction in the price of Moambe Chicken reduces totalwild meat sales by 0.91%. Although this relationship isnot statistically significant, it suggests that interventionsincreasing the availability and affordability of alternativesto wild meat may reduce wild meat consumption.Theexperiments advance previous wild meat research by uti-lizing actual consumption data rather than self-reporteddata, assessing social desirability bias, and pre-registering allstatistical specifications to enhance research integrity. Thispaper provides preliminary evidence that both wild meatdemand reduction through social marketing campaigns andsupply expansion via affordable alternatives could contrib-ute to effective wildlife conservation in Central Africa. This paper is a product of the Development Research Group, Development Economics. It is part of a larger effort by theWorld Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions aroundthe world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authorsmay be contacted at aenglander@worldbank.org. A verified reproducibility package for this paper is available athttp://reproducibility.worldbank.org, clickherefor direct access. The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about developmentissues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry thenames of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely thoseof the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank andits affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. ConservingWildlifethroughDemandReductionandSupplyAlternatives:TwoExperimentsinRestaurantsinKinshasa AbdoulayeCisse,*GabrielEnglander,†DanielJ.Ingram‡ 1Introduction Millions of people in tropical regions of the world depend on wildlife as a source of food andmeans of acquiring income (Coad et al., 2019; Wells et al., 2024). Simultaneously, overexploita-tion, including from hunting that exceeds population growth rates, has emerged as the most sig-nificant threat to many species (IPBES, 2019), impacting wildlife populations and threateningecosystem functioning. The consumption of the meat of wild animals, “wild meat”, is prevalentin rural areas, and there is also substantial demand for wild meat among people living in someurban areas (Carignano Torres et al., 2022; Edderai & Dame, 2006; Ingram et al., 2021; Simoet al., 2024). Consumption of wild meat in towns and cities is driven by a variety of factors,including culture, taste preference, the perception that it is the most natural meat, and the rela-tive availability and price compared to domesticated meats (Chausson et al., 2019; van Vliet &Mbazza, 2011; Wilkie et al., 2016). Where wild meat is more expensive than domesticated meatalternatives it can also be considered a luxury product that signifies status (Sandalj et al., 2016).When demand for wild meat in urban areas drives hunting to unsustainable levels, it poses aunique challenge and opportunity for conservation efforts. Addressing this challenge requiresinnovative and just solutions that respect local livelihoods and traditions, protect wildlife, andcultivate t