WASH in health care facilities 2023 data update

Special focus onprimary health care ©UNICEF/UN0764349/Franco; Page 33: ©UNICEF/UN0767297/Jariwala; Page35: © UNICEF/UN0843354/UNICEF Malawi;Page37: © UNICEF/UN0687294/Upadhayay; Page38: © UNICEF/UNI454322/Tarig; Page41: ©UNICEF/UN0643227/Jariwala;Page 43: ©UNICEF/UN077322/Dicko; Page 45: © UNICEF/UN0846598/Boughaleb; Page46: ©UNICEF/UN0822263/Shing; Page48: ©UNICEF/UN0653655/Katragadda; Page49: ©UNICEF/UN0643092/Jariwala; Page 51: ©UNICEF/UN0655316/Katragadda; Page 53: © UNICEF/UN0764254/Franco; Page56: © UNICEF/UN0337704/Htet; Page 57: © UNICEF/UNI543129/Czajkowski/AFP-Services; Page 59: © UNICEF/U.S.CDC/UN0723257/Martin San Diego; Page62: ©UNICEF/UNI579926/Oriye; Page65: © UNICEF/UNI535066/Willocq;Page 68: © UNICEF/UNI556314/Franco; Page 73: © UNICEF/UNI621503/Andriantsoarana; Page 74: ©UNICEF/UN0764313/Franco; Page 80: © UNICEF/UN0804029/Baruah; Page130:© UNICEF/UN0764255/Franco; Back cover: Freepikphoto. ISBN (WHO) tbc (electronic version)ISBN (WHO) tbc (print version) This joint report reflects the activities of the World Health Organization(WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Some rights reserved.This work is available underthe Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence you may copy, redistribute andadapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the workis appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work,there should be no suggestion that WHO or UNICEF endorsesany specific organization, products or services. The unauthorizeduse of the WHO or UNICEF names or logos is not permitted. Ifyou adapt the work, then you must license your work under thesame or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create atranslation of this work, you should add the following disclaimeralong with the suggested citation: ‘This translation was notcreated by the World Health Organization (WHO) or the UnitedNations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Neither WHO nor UNICEF areresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. Theoriginal English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition’. General disclaimers.The designations employed and thepresentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO or UNICEFconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area orof its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be fullagreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedby WHO or UNICEF in preference to others of a similar nature thatare not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names ofproprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licenceshall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization(http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules). The figures included in this report have been estimated by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation andHygiene (https://washdata.org) to ensure international comparability,thus they are not necessarily the official statistics of the concernedcountry, area or territory, which may use alternative methods. Suggested citation.WASH in health care facilities 2023 dataupdate: special focus on primary health care. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’sFund (UNICEF), 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO and UNICEFto verify the information contained in this publication. However,the published material is being distributed without warranty ofany kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for theinterpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no eventshall WHO or UNICEF be liable for damages arising from its use. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP dataare available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHOpublications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. Tosubmit requests for commercial use and queries on rightsand licensing, see http://www.who.int/copyright. Design, layout and production by Elwa Design Studio. AcknowledgementsThis report was developed and produced by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme team: Jorge Bica (UNICEF), ChristieChatterley (independent consultant), Ayça Dönmez (UNICEF), RickJohnston (WHO), Francesco Mitis (WHO) and Tom Slaymaker(UNICEF). WHO was the lead publication agency for this report.Strategic direction was provided by Joao Pedro Azevedo (UNICEF),Bruce Gordon (WHO) and Cecilia Scharp (UNICEF). The sectionon primary health care was reviewed and improved through thecontributions of WHO staff w