为绿色和人工智能过渡提供培训

Training Supply for the Greenand AI Transitions EQUIPPING WORKERS WITH THE RIGHT SKILLS Getting Skills Right Training Supplyfor the Green and AITransitions EQUIPPING WORKERS WITH THE RIGHT SKILLS This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ISBN 978-92-64-18274-5 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-57750-3 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-94237-0 (HTML) Getting Skills RightISSN 2520-6117 (print)ISSN 2520-6125 (online) Photo credits:Cover © Westend61/Getty Images. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2024 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Equipping workers with the right skills is essential to a thriving labour market.Labour markets are currentlyundergoing major shifts, including the transition to anet-zero economy and the diffusion of artificialintelligence (AI) in workplaces.These megatrends impact both current and future skill demands. Whileinitial education plays an important role, upskilling and reskilling initiatives for the existing adult workforceare essential to ensuring both workers and businesses are ready for the changingworld of work. Particular groups of workers are especially vulnerable and will require extra support in the face of the greenand AI transitions. Low-skilled workers and thosein roles witha high risk of job displacement–either dueto the impacts of thegreentransition or the rise of AI–are often the least likely to accesstraining.Government initiatives are key to ensuring training is relevant, flexible and inclusive. Mostexisting research focuses on the demand for skills, with little evidence on the supply side. In particular,limited evidence exists on whether training programmes equip workers with the skills needed for the greenand AI transitions. This report aims to fill this gap in understanding usingtwonew policy questionnairesdistributedto OECDcountries, which shed light on how countries are investing in skills development forthese transitions, in particular, the extent to which governments useincentives for workers and jobseekers,employers and adult learning providers, or provide publicly funded training programmes. Additionally, thereport providesnew quantitativeevidenceon the supply of green-or AI-related trainingfroma text analysisof training catalogues infourcountries (i.e.Australia, Germany, Singapore and the UnitedStates). Chapter1provides an introduction;Chapter2 describesdataandmethodology, and the extent to whichcurrent training is accessible and flexible;Chapter3analyses policies/strategies and training supply forthe green transition;Chapter4analyses policies/strategies and training supply for the adoption of AI inworkplaces. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Elif Bahar and Marjolijn Moens from the Skills and Future Readiness Divisionof the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (ELS). Katharine Mullock and AntheaBicakcioglu provided valuable inputs. The work was carried out under the supervision of Glenda Quintini(Head of the Skills and Future Readiness Division) and benefited from comments by Mark Pearson (DeputyDirector of ELS),Stijn Broecke (Senior EconomistFuture of Work), and members of the Ski