核安全和放射性废物管理白皮书英文版

Editors: Erika Holt, Petri Kinnunen, Denis SevelevDecember 2018 Copyright © VTT 2019 PUBLISHER:VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdP.O. Box 1000FI-02044 VTTFinlandTel. +358 20 722 111Contact authors at firstname.lastname@vtt.fi Layout: Innocorp OyPrinting: Punamusta Oy, 2019 ISBN 978-951-38-8704-9 (print)ISBN 978-951-38-8705-6 (online) Impacts from VTTresearch on nuclearsafety and radioactivewaste management Introduction Nuclear energy is an essential element ofthe cost-efficient energy system for the nextdecades to reduce emissions of greenhousegases. This conclusion was drawn in the lat-est energy scenarios of international organ-isations, such as the International EnergyAgency, IEA and the Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change, IPCC. Also the nationalenergy and climate strategy confirms the im-portant role of nuclear energy in Finland. search, investments in total of 50 M€ for theCentre of Nuclear Safety. Recent results of selected and diverse nu-clear research activities within VTT have beensummarised in this publication. The viewsand conclusions in this book are those of VTTand do not necessarily coincide with thoseof the collaborators, funding organizations orcustomers. These research results have beenobtained in separate cooperative projectsthat are part of:European Framework 7 and Horizon2020 The nuclear sector has numerous parallelactivities in Finland where VTT has present-ly on-going projects for lifetime extension,construction and planning of nuclear powerplants, as well as construction of the deepgeological repository. VTT is carrying out thefirst national decommissioning project for itsresearch reactor, and VTT has just updatedits research facilities for hot materials, ra-diochemistryand waste management re- ●EURATOM programs,●Academy of Finland and Finnish FundingAgency for Innovation,●International research networks, such asNugenia, EUROSAFE, OECD, IAEA,●VTT’s own nuclear programmes, includ-ing SASUNE - Safe and SustainableNuclear Energy (2013-2016). Finland’snational nuclear safety researchprogrammes SAFIR2018 and KYT2018 haveshort summaries at the conclusion of thispublication, yet their full results are reportedin detail in separate publications.VTT takes an active role for developing It would be utmost welcome if you findopportunities for using these innovative solu-tions and research methods, also in other in-dustrial sectors or vice versa. I hope you will be inspired by these pre-sentedresults and contact us for furtherdetails. and implementing nuclear strategic visionsfor both Finland and international groups,which shape the European nuclear research.The visions are realised through the activitiesof for instance the Finnish Ministry of Eco-nomic Affairs and Employment.Many of research results presented here Satu HelynenVice President, Nuclear Safety are based on combining different compe-tenceswithin VTT and have required thecollaboration of several companies and re-search institutes. Contents New Nuclear Power Plants Material Innovations for Safe and Sustainable Nuclear................................................................................8Materials Testing and Rules for Future Reactor Concepts..........................................................................10Towards Better Understanding of Simultaneous Effects of High Temperatureand Radiation Damage in Nuclear Reactor Core Components..................................................................12Performance of Steel Concrete Modular construction for Nuclear Power Plants.......................................14Supercritical Water Reactor – Fuel Qualification Test Facility Materials Qualification................................16Assessing Structural Integrity under Soft and Hard Impacts......................................................................18Interactive Modelling of Fuel Cladding Degradation Mechanisms..............................................................20Small, Safe and Sustainable Modular Reactor............................................................................................22Apros Small Modular Reactor Modelling.....................................................................................................24Thermal creep research on modern high temperature materials and developmentof the testing equipment.............................................................................................................................26Procedure for Seismic Probabilistic Risk Assessment................................................................................28 Existing Nuclear Power Plants Jules Horowitz Materials Testing Reactor - Finnish in-kind Contribution...................................................30Increasing Safety in Nuclear Power Plants by Covering Gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment.....32On-line Electrochemical Measurement System with Thermo-hydraulicConditions Corresponding to Nuclear Power Plant Secondary Side...