2024年海上风电市场报告

Offshore Wind Market Report:2024 Edition Angel McCoy,1Walter Musial,1Rob Hammond,1Daniel Mulas Hernando,1PatrickDuffy,1PhilippBeiter,1Paula Pérez,1Ruth Baranowski,1GageReber2, Paul Spitsen3 1National Renewable Energy Laboratory2Boston Government Services LLC3U.S. Department of Energy August2024 Table of Contents 1Data and Methodology 2U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Data 3Global Offshore Wind Energy Development 4Offshore Wind Energy Technology Trends 5Cost and Price Trends Data and Methodology Multiple Data Sources Ensure Accuracy and Alignment WithGlobal Research Organizations •The scope of theOffshore Wind Market Report: 2024 Editioncovers the global fleet of projectsin the pipeline through Dec. 31, 2023, and U.S. developments and events through May 31,2024. •Primary source: U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s(NREL’s) internal offshore wind database, which is built on internal research and a wide varietyof data sources, including peer-reviewed literature, press releases, industry news reports,manufacturer specification sheets, and global offshore wind energy project announcements. NREL has verified and sourced data from the following publications: •The 4C Offshore Wind Database (4C Offshore 2024)•Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF) Renewable Energy Project Database (BNEF 2023)•4C Offshore Vessel Database (4C Offshore 2024)•Wood Mackenzie Wind Turbine Trends (Wood Mackenzie 2023b). Note: All dollar amounts are reported in 2023 U.S. dollars, unless indicated otherwise. U.S. Offshore WindEnergy Data Offshore Wind Energy Project Pipeline Classification Criteria The U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Pipeline Grew by 53% and IsEstimated To Have 80,523 MW of Capacity The U.S. Project Pipeline Has More Than 27 GW of Projects at orBeyond the Permitting Stage as of May 31, 2024 •Three operating projects havean estimated capacity of 174MW. •Three projects are underconstruction (4,097 MW). •Two projects have their permitsapproved and an offtakeagreement, and two projectshave their permits approvedand are attempting to secureofftake agreements (3,378MW). •Eighteen projects (19,793 MW)are currently in the permittingphase. Economic IndicatorsSuggest Long-Term U.S.Market Growth WhileInflationary CostIncreases May HinderNear-Term Growth •In the United States, key offshorewind energy market indicatorspoint toward sustained, long-termmarket growth. •Economic headwinds may delaynear-term development. •Challenges with the deploymentof first projects lead to someuncertainty. Locations of U.S. offshore wind energy pipeline activity andCall Areas as of May 31, 2024. Maps by John Frenzl, NREL Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey Account for MoreThan 40% of the Capacity in the U.S. Project Pipeline •Although in “planning,” Mainepotentially has the mostcapacity. •State capacity for “site control”and “planning” (hashed coloredbars) are assigned to the statewhere the wind energy area islocated. •State capacity for “permitting”and more advancedclassification categories (solidcolors) are based on where theenergy will be delivered undera contracted offtakeagreement. Offshore Wind Energy Pipeline Projects in the North Atlantic Arethe Most Advanced in the United States •The 132-MW South Fork windfarm became the first commercialoperating offshore wind project inthe United States. •The Vineyard Wind 1 (806 MW)and Revolution Wind (704 MW)projects are under construction. •On May 1, 2024, BOEM issued aProposed Sale Notice for eightlease areas in the Gulf Of Maine,which have the potential togenerate approximately 15 GW. •Sunrise Wind has entered theconstruction phase since the May31, 2024, report cutoff date. U.S. Offshore Wind EnergyPipeline Projects in the Middleand South Atlantic, Including theCentral Atlantic Final Lease Areas •The Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind Project(2,587 MW) is under construction. •Empire Wind 1 (810 MW) has entered theconstruction phase since the May 31, 2024,report cutoff. •On Aug. 14, 2024, BOEM held an offshore windlease sale in the U.S. Central Atlantic. Therewere two provisional awards for lease areasOCS-A 0557 and OCS-A 0558. U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Pipeline Projectsin the Gulf of Mexico •On Aug. 29, 2023, BOEM held its firstGulf of Mexico lease sale, and one leasewas awarded to RWE Offshore US GulfLLC. •On March 21, 2024, BOEM issued aproposed sale notice for a second Gulfof Mexico offshore wind lease sale;however, the sale was canceled due to alack of competitive interest. •Vestas’ Steelhead Americas andMitsubishi-owned Diamond OffshoreWind signed agreements with the stateof Louisiana to explore development instate waters. U.S. Offshore Wind Energy Pipeline Projects in the Pacific State PlanningGoals, MandatedState Procurements,and OfftakeContracts Awarded 12 states have set planningtargets or procurementmandates. •The planning targets total 115,130 MW of offshore wind capacity by2050. The mandated procurement totals 45,730 MW of o