2024年可持续航空燃料工业现状报告-加氢酯和脂肪酸途径

Oscar Rosales Calderon, Ling Tao, Zia Abdullah, Michael Talmadge, Anelia Milbrandt, Sharon Smolinski,Kristi Moriarty, Arpit Bhatt, Yimin Zhang, Vikram Ravi, Christopher Skangos, Ryan Davis, and Courtney Payne Sustainable Aviation FuelState-of-Industry Report:Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Pathway Oscar Rosales Calderon, Ling Tao, Zia Abdullah, Michael Talmadge, Anelia Milbrandt, Sharon Smolinski,Kristi Moriarty, Arpit Bhatt, Yimin Zhang, Vikram Ravi, Christopher Skangos, Ryan Davis, and Courtney Payne National Renewable Energy Laboratory NOTICE This work was authored by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, operated by Alliance for SustainableEnergy, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. Fundingprovided by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy BioenergyTechnologies Office. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S.Government. This report is available at no cost from the National RenewableEnergy Laboratory (NREL) atwww.nrel.gov/publications. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reports produced after 1991and a growing number of pre-1991 documents are availablefree viawww.OSTI.gov. NREL prints on paper that contains recycled content. Acknowledgments We thank the U.S. Department of Energy’s Bioenergy Technologies Office for funding andsupporting this work. We also thank the interviewed industry stakeholders for providing theirexpert perspectives related to ramping up sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production to meet theSAF Grand Challenge goals and for reviewing this report. Finally, we thank the reviewers of thisreport for their valuable comments. Stakeholders and reviewers are listed below bycompany/organization names. Note that “stakeholders” and “reviewers” do not implyendorsement of the presented analysis by either individuals or companies/organizations. Industry Stakeholders Alder RenewablesAxensBoeingBPClean Fuels Alliance AmericaDelta Airlines Daniel SzeezilDavid SchwaljeJoseph EllsworthJohn ShabakerScott FenwickDana Kaplinski, Cherie Wilson, Kelly Nodzak,Joanna ChavezXiaochun XuRonald B. JuanJon Goldsmith ExxonMobilMarathon Petroleum CorporationPar PacificPBF EnergyPhillips 66Poet Biorefining LLCPreemSuncorSt. Bernard Renewables (SBR)World Energy Aalo Gupta, TJ LeeDave CarlsonRådberg Henrik, Öhrman OlovClementina Sosa Gary Grimes Reviewers Clean Fuels Alliance AmericaDPChem ConsultingSacre-Davey EngineeringTransport Energy Strategies Scott FenwickDaniel ParkerRennel BarrieTammy Klein List of Acronyms BGPYbillion gallons per yearCFRCode of Federal RegulationsCCScarbon capture, and storageCIcarbon intensityCOcarbon monoxideCO2carbon dioxideDCOdistillers corn oilDOEU.S. Department of EnergyEPAU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyFAAFederal Aviation AdministrationFCCfluid catalytic crackingFOGfats, oils, and greasesFTFischer–TropschGGEgasoline gallon equivalentGHGgreenhouse gasGREETGreenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in TechnologiesHC-HEFAhydroprocessed hydrocarbons, esters, and fatty acidsHEFAhydroprocessed esters and fatty acidsIRAInflation Reduction ActLCFSlow carbon fuel standardMACmarginal abatement costMFSPminimum fuel selling priceMGPYmillion gallons per yearMVmarket valueMV ROICreturn on invested capital without consideration of incentivesNRELNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryPGMplatinum group metalPMparticulate matterRDrenewable dieselRINEPA renewable identification numbersROICreturn on invested capitalSAFsustainable aviation fuelSPKsynthetic paraffinic keroseneUCOused cooking oilUSDAU.S. Department of Agriculture Purpose of the State-of-Industry Reports This series of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) state-of-industry reports aims to provide athorough evaluation of the emerging SAF production industry, and foster communication amongthe stakeholders (both public and private) involved in the SAF supply chain. While the report isprimarily concerned with the production of SAF, the nature of producing hydrocarbon fuelsmeans that some of the information included will be relevant to the production of other liquidtransportation fuels. In addition to this report on the hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) pathway, theproject team plans to release a series of reports covering the overall SAF framework, the alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathway, the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) pathway, and possibly the pyrolysis-to-jet (PTJ)pathway. These reports center on identifying any weak links in the supply chain that have the potential tohinder the production of SAF, particularly in reaching the production goals set by U.S.Department of Energy, the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Department ofAgriculture, and other federal government agencies as part of the SAF Grand Challenge. Thereports focus primarily on hurdles for the 2030 goal of 3 billion gallons per year (BGPY) butalso identify some of the challenges to achieving the 2050 go