中国温室气体自愿减排计划国际化展望

THESTUDVOEVOLUNTARVEMISSIONBEDUCTIONCOOPERATIONALONGTHEBELTANDROADINITIATIVE AboutGuangzhouEmissionsExchange(CEEX) Guangzhou Emissions Exchange (CEEX) was co-founded by the People's Governmentof Guangdong Province andl the People's Government of Guangzhou Municipality: underthe pilot Emissions Tracing Scheme (ETS) endorsed by the Central People's Govern-ment. It was designated as the sole auction and trading platfom for carbon emissionsallowances in Guangdong and was one of the first organizations certified by the NationalDevelopment and Reform Commission (NDRC) as CCERs (China Certified EmissionReductions) trading platform. CEEX is the only organization within the Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Greater Bay Area selected for both the pilot ETS and the Pilot Zone forGreen Finance Reform and Innovation. CEEX Wechet Official Account AboutEnvironmentalDefenseFund EnvironmentalDefenseFund Founded in 1967 and headquartered in New York, Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) isone of the world's leading environmental organizations. Areas that EDF works in includle:Climate and energy, oceans, ecosystems, health, etc. Since inception, EDF has beenguided by principles of science and economics to find practical and lasting solutions tothe most serious environmentel problems. Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has been working in China since 1991. EDF ChinaProgram endeavors to help China effectively achieve goals for environmental protectionand low-carbon developnent through market mechanisms. In 2017, EDF registered as thefirst foreign NGO under the supervision of China's Ministry of Ecology and Environment. EDFChina Wechat OfficialAccount INTRODUCTION Carbon emissions from countries and regions along the Belt and Road account for about61% of the global total carbon emissions, representing enormous significance to the globalcarbon recluction efforts. China has estalblished solid ccoperation with countries involvecl inthe Belt and Road Initiative (BRl) in addressing climate chanqe. Advancing the BRl carbonemission reduction collaborations is a positive endeavor to further implement the Paris Agree-ment and promote global climate governence, Under the intemational landscape for carbon emission reduction cooperation, voluntaryemission recluction cooperation will serve as an entrv point for carbon emission recluctioncooperation between China and the BRl countries, In 2012, China launched the VoluntaryGHG Emission Recuction Program' (CCER program) end has since eccumuleted substantialexperience in the establishment and operation of the voluntary carbon market, and the devel-opment ancl trading of voluntary emission recluctions. Tnis experience can infom coopera-tion on carbon emission reductions in the fom of voluntarv emission reductions along theBRl. Meenwhile, the voluntary emission recluctions generated by the BRI countries cen takethe CCER program as the market for increasing the supply and demand. This report, set against the backdrop of international cooperation on global climate gover-international collaboration in carbon emissions reduction. Drawing upon well-established andmature internetional rmodels of carbon emission reduction cooperation, the report, startingmodel and its implementation pathway centered on voluntary emission reduction cooperaemission reductions under the BRl, identifies the potential challenges and risks associatedwith the BRI's voluntary emission reduction cooperation, and offers targeted recommenda-tions to support both China and the BRl countries in their climate change efforts. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERIPathways forInternational Cooperation on Carbon Emission ReductionundertheBeltand RoadInitiative (1) Lessons from International Carbon Emission Reduction Cooperation Moclels80(2) A Design of Belt and Road Intcmational Carbon Emission Rcduction Cooperation MocclBased on Voluntary Emission Reduction Cooperation10 CHAPTER Il Analysis of Demand and Supply Potential forthe Beltand Road Volun-taryEmissionReductions 1. Demand Channels for the Belt and Road Voluntary Emlsslon Reductlons 15 (1) Nation-Level DemandDemand under the Paris Agreement15(2) Demand from Compliance Carbon Markets17(3) Demand under the Seclor-Based Ernission Reduction Mechanism19(4) Demand Driven by Cerbon Neutrality Goels20 2. Analysis of the Supply for the Belt and Road Voluntary Emission Reduclions21 (1) Supply Channels21(2) Analysis of Demand-Supply Metching24 CHAPTER Ill Reflections on the Belt and Road Carbon MarketDevelopment-BasedonBeltand RoadVoluntaryEmission ReductionCooperation 1. Potenlial Challenges and Risks of the Belt and Road Volunlary Emission Reduction Cooperalion26 (1) Singuler Tradling Models and Product Structures26(2) Cross-Border Trs.nsiers, Settlements and Transfer Restrictions26(3) Imbalsnce in Supply and Demand27(4) Multidimensional and Complex Risks27 2. Recommendations for Constructing a Belt and Road Carbon Market Based on the Belt and RoadVolunlary Emission Reduclion Cooperation (1