Planning for Transit-Oriented Development in Emerging Cities

Planning for Transit-OrientedDevelopment in Emerging Cities © 2024 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Internet: https://www.worldbank.org/transport This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusionsexpressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The WorldBank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of thedata included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown onany map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legalstatus of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages disseminationof its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes aslong as full attribution to this work is given. Attribution Please cite the work as follows: Ardila-Gomez, Arturo; Namkung, Ok Stella;Dominguez-Gonzalez, Karla; He, He; and Bona, Nada. 2024. “Planning for Transit-OrientedDevelopment in Emerging Cities.” © World Bank. Translations If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution:This translation was not created by the World Bank and should not be considered an official WorldBank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinionsexpressed in the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptationand are not endorsed by The World Bank. All queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World BankPublications, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org. List of Figures.............................................................................................................................................................viList of Tables............................................................................................................................................................viiiList of Boxes..............................................................................................................................................................viiiAcknowledgments.....................................................................................................................................................ixForeword.......................................................................................................................................................................xAcronyms....................................................................................................................................................................xii Introduction: Land Use and Transport in Developing Cities...................................................................xivProblem Statement..........................................................................................................................................xviLand Use and Transport Planning through the Lenses of TOD and Urban Economics....................xviA Sandbox Model: Simulating the Impact of Land Use Regulations on Transit Ridership............xviiTOD for Emerging Cities and Cities that Want Transit........................................................................xviiiRecommendations for Improving TOD Practice.....................................................................................xxivA Virtuous Cycle Toward a Transit-Oriented City..................................................................................xxv 1�Introduction������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 1 1.1Background: Land Use and Transport in Developing Cities............................................................31.2Problem Statement..................................................................................................................................7 2�Theoretical Framework: Urban and Transport Economics and the 3-Value Approach�����������������9 2.1The Standard Urban Economics Model..............................................................................................102.2Transport Economics and Cost-Benefit Analysis...........................................................................122.3The 3-Value Framework.....................................................