Unlocking the Power of Healthy Longevity

UNLOCKING THE POWEROF HEALTHY LONGEVITY Compendium of Research for theHealthy Longevity Initiative AUGUST 2024 Editors: PrabhatJhaGeorgeAlleynePaulIsenmanSeemeenSaadatJeremyVeillardSameeraAltuwaijri © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part ofThe World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Thecitation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authorsor the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privilegesand immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Chapter 4: The economic value associated with avoidable mortality: a systematic assessment by cause of deathacross world regions © Harvard University. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work isgiven. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: “World Bank. 2024.Unlocking the Power of Healthy Longevity:Compendium of Research for the Healthy Longevity Initiative.Washington, DC: World Bank.Creative CommonsAttribution CC BY 3.0 IGO. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, TheWorld Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; email: pubrights@worldbank.org. Compendium at a Glance Theoretical frameworkChapter 1: Enhancing human capital and boosting productivity by tackling non-communicable diseases: results of a research initiativeChapter 2: Toward s a framework for impact pathways between non-communicable diseases, human capitaland healthy longevity, and wellbeing outcomes Economic cost of avoidable mortalityChapter 3: The economic value of avoidable mortality Chapter 4: The economic value associated with avoidable mortality: a systematic assessment by cause of deathacross world regionsChapter 5: Rates of progress in mortality decline, 2000-2019 Behavior change and healthy longevityChapter 6: Behavioral aspects of healthy longevity Chapter 7: Taxation of harmful products, including tobacco, alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs),and related topics Gender and AgingChapter 8: Gender gaps in health and well-being of older adults: A review of the burden of non-communicable diseases and barriers to healthcare for women and menChapter 9: Gendered responsibilities, elderly care, and labor supply: evidence from four middle-income countries Long-term careChapter 10: Health and long-term care needs in a context of rapid population aging Chapter 11: Demand for and supply of long-term care for older persons in low- and middle-income countries Social protection and jobsChapter 12: Exploring the labour market outcomes of the risk factors for non-communicable diseases: a systematic reviewChapter 13: Productive longevity: what can work in low- and middle-income countries?Chapter 14: Adequacy pensions and access to healthcare: maintaining human capital during old age Prioritizing actionChapter 15: Priority setting for NCD control and health systems investments Chapter 16: Control of non-communicable diseases for enhanced human capital: the case for whole-of-society action Monitoring indicators for healthy longevityChapter 17: Healthy longevity initiative: a performance dashboard for decision-making in low- and middle- income countriesChapter 18: Assessing human capital, non-communicable diseases, and healthy longevity in low- and middle-income countries: healthy longevity dashboard and the case for india Contents ForewordxvPrefacexviAcknowledgementsxviiOverviewxxAbbreviationsxxxix ITheoretical Framework 1 Chapter 1Enhancing human capital and boosting productivity by tackling non-communicable diseases: results of a research initiative Introduction and Overview3Research inputs and policy discussions5Recommendations for key stakeholders27Conclusions and way forward29References30Annex 1.1: Toronto workshop agenda31Annex 1.2: Toronto workshop, list of participants32 Chapter 2To