Unlocking the Power of Healthy Longevity

UNLOCKING THE POWER OFHEALTHY LONGEVITY Demographic Change, Non-communicable Diseases, and Human Capital © 2024 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Some rights reserved. This work is a product of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do notnecessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work anddoes not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors,denominations, links/footnotes and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part ofThe World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Thecitation of works authored by others does not mean the World Bank endorses the views expressed by those authorsor the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges andimmunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work isgiven. Attribution—Please cite the work as follows:“World Bank. 2024.Unlocking the Power of Healthy Longevity: Demograph-ic Change, Non-communicable Diseases, and Human Capital.Washington, DC: World Bank. © World Bank.” Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, TheWorld Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; email: pubrights@worldbank.org. Cover design and typesetting: Karim Ezzat Khedr, Creative Director; email: karim.ezzat@gmail.com. Contents Tables and FiguresAbbreviations and AcronymsForewordReport TeamPreface: Why this report?ivvviviiviii Unlocking the power of healthy longevity: Key messages of this reportExecutive Summary1.Introduction: Better health throughout the life course is achievable2.Healthy longevity, NCDs, and human capital: Levers for action across the life course3.Advancing healthy longevity now: What countries can do4.Financing for healthy longevity: Country leadership and key supporting roles for development partners5.Conclusion: From knowledge to action151130426072 AppendicesAppendix A: Data sources, methods, and analytic processes Appendix B: Supplementary analytic materialsAppendix C: AcknowledgmentsAppendix D: Background papersBibliography7279868889 Tables and Figures Abbreviations and Acronyms AARCAverage annual rate of changeAARRAverage annual rate of reductionACSAcute coronary syndromesAIArtificial intelligenceAIDSAcquired immunodeficiency syndromeASRHRAdolescent sexual and reproductivehealth rightsBMIBody mass indexCOPDChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseCOVIDCoronavirus disease(also known as COVID-19)CVDCardiovascular diseaseCWONChanging Wealth of NationsDALYDisability-adjusted life yearDCP3Disease Control Priorities, third editionEVAMEconomic Value of Avoidable MortalityGDPGross domestic productGNIGross national incomeGPGsGlobal public goodsGPTGenerative pre-trained transformerHICsHigh-income countriesHIVHuman immunodeficiency virusHLIHealthy Longevity InitiativeHNPHealth, Nutrition and PopulationGlobal Practice (World Bank)HPVHuman papillomavirusIDUInjecting drug useLICsLow-income countriesLMICsLow- and middle-income countries LTCLong-term careMDBMultilateral development bankMDGsMillennium Development GoalsMICsMiddle-income countriesNCDNon-communicable diseaseNGONongovernmental organizationODAOfficial development assistanceOECDOrganization for EconomicCo-operation and DevelopmentPCIPercutaneous coronary interventionPHCPrimary health carePPPPurchasing power parityR&DResearch and developmentSBCCSocial and behavior changecommunicationSDGsSustainable Development GoalsSHISocial health insuranceSIDSSmall island developing statesSSBsSugar-sweetened beveragesUMICsUpper-middle-income countriesUNUnited NationsUNPDUnited Nations Population DivisionVLYValue of a life yearVSLValue of statistical lifeVSLrRatio between VSL and income percapitaWHOWorld Health OrganizationWPPWorld Population Prospects Foreword The World Bank has a long history of engaging in population issues, ranging from childhood illness, nutri-tion, fertility, and safe motherhood to the aging process. It supports countries in addressing the implicationsof the demographic process through analytical work, technical advice, and financing to expand health cov-erage, redesign pension systems and social security, and undertake actions that support their e