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Colombia 2023

报告封面

Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA associationcountries: IEA membercountries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org 1. Executivesummary.......................................................................................................7Key recommendations.........................................................................................................92. General energy policy.................................................................................................11Country overview...............................................................................................................11Energy supply and demand...............................................................................................14Energy strategies and targets ...........................................................................................18Energy data and statistics .................................................................................................22Assessment .......................................................................................................................23Recommendations.............................................................................................................24 ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 3. Energy and climate change........................................................................................27 Overview............................................................................................................................27Energy-related CO2emissions ..........................................................................................28CO2emissions drivers and carbon intensity .....................................................................29Climate change targets......................................................................................................30Climate change mitigation policies....................................................................................36Climate adaptation and resilience .....................................................................................39Assessment .......................................................................................................................41Recommendations.............................................................................................................454. Energy efficiency.........................................................................................................49Overview............................................................................................................................49Industry ..............................................................................................................................51Buildings and district heating.............................................................................................52Transport ...........................................................................................................................54Assessment .......................................................................................................................575. Renewable energy .......................................................................................................63Overview............................................................................................................................63Trends in renewable energy by sector ..............................................................................64Renewable energy targets ................................................................................................65Assessment .......................................................................................................................73Recommendations...............................................................................................