Switzerland 2023

Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA associationcountries: IEA membercountries: ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Executive summary...........................................................................................................9Key recommendations.......................................................................................................121. General energy policy.................................................................................................13Country overview...............................................................................................................13Energy supply and demand...............................................................................................16Key policies........................................................................................................................18Measures to ensure short-term energy security during the winters of 2022/23 and2023/24..............................................................................................................................24Hydrogen ...........................................................................................................................25Assessment .......................................................................................................................26Recommendations.............................................................................................................28 ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 2. Energy and climate change........................................................................................29 Overview............................................................................................................................29Energy-related GHG emissions drivers and GHG intensity..............................................30Energy-related GHG emissions.........................................................................................31Climate targets...................................................................................................................32Climate policies .................................................................................................................33Carbon capture and storage and carbon dioxide removal................................................39Adaptation and resilience to climate change ....................................................................39Environmental impacts of the energy sector.....................................................................40Assessment .......................................................................................................................40Recommendations.............................................................................................................433. Energy efficiency.........................................................................................................45Overview............................................................................................................................45Policy targets and measures .............................................................................................46Buildings ............................................................................................................................47Transport ...........................................................................................................................51Industry ..............................................................................................................................55Public sector ......................................................................................................................56Assessment .......................................................................................................................57Recommendations.........