United States 2024

United States 2024 Energy Policy Review INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policies thatwill enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31member countries,13associationcountries and beyond. IEA membercountries: IEA associationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundaries andto the name of any territory,city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Table of contents Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 5Strengthening energy security and clean manufacturing while reducing emissions.............. 5Accelerating sector transitions towards clean energy ............................................................ 6Implementing a people-centred energy transition .................................................................. 8Managing energy security during the transition...................................................................... 9Key recommendations .......................................................................................................... 111. Energy policy framework ............................................................................................... 131.1 Key energy and climate trends .......................................................................................... 131.2 The United States’ energy and climate strategy ................................................................ 151.3 Co-operation with state, local, tribal and territorial governments....................................... 211.4 Tracking progress in the implementation ........................................................................... 221.5 Clean energy economy ...................................................................................................... 231.6 International energy strategy.............................................................................................. 24Key recommendations ............................................................................................................. 252. Sector transitions towards clean energy ..................................................................... 262.1 Electricity ............................................................................................................................ 26Key climate and energy trends in the US power sector ....................................................... 26Focus: Expanding system integration of higher shares of variable renewables .................. 28Focus: Nuclear energy ......................................................................................................... 41Key recommendations .......................................................................................................... 502.2 Transport ............................................................................................................................ 51Key climate and energy trends in the transport sector ......................................................... 51Closing the gap between ambition and current trends ......................................................... 55Key recommendations .......................................................................................................... 572.3 Industry............................................................................................................................... 57Key energy and climate trends in the US industrial sector................................................... 59Policies and technologies to reduce industrial greenhouse gas emissions ......................... 59Closing the gap between ambition and current trends ......................................................... 62Key recommendations .......................................................................................................... 632.4 Buildings............................................................................................................................. 63Key energy and climate trends in the buildings sector ........................................................