OCEAN! - Part 1

OCEAN! How can we create a sustainable future for the ocean? © 2024 Smithsonian InstitutionAll rights reserved. First Edition 2024. Copyright NoticeNo part of this module, or derivative works of this module, may be used or reproduced for any purpose except fair use without permission in writing from the Smithsonian Science Education Center. Image CreditFront Cover Photo - AshleyWiley/iStock/Getty Images Plus Ocean! Smithsonian Science for Global Goals Development Team Lead Guide Developer/WriterHeidi Gibson Executive DirectorDr. Carol O’Donnell Division DirectorDr. Brian Mandell Global Goals SeriesDevelopersHeidi GibsonAndre RadloffLogan SchmidtKhadijah Thibodeau Project ManagerHannah Osborn Digital Media TeamSofia ElianJoao Victor Lucena Marketing &CommunicationsTeamCarolina GonzalezLogan Werlinger Publishing AssistantRaymond Williams, III Smithsonian Science Education Center Staff Smithsonian Sciencefor the ClassroomDevelopersDr. Sarah J. GlassmanDr. Emily J. HarrisonMelissa J. B. RogersDr. Mary E. Short Executive OfficeKate EchevarriaJohnny McInerney Professional ServicesDr. Amy D’Amico, Division DirectorAddy AllredKatherine BlanchardKatherine FancherKatie GainsbackJacqueline KolbDr. Hyunju LeeAlexa MogckShellie PickLayla SastryAriel WaldmanSherrell Williams Advancement &PartnershipsHolly Glover, DivisionDirectorDenise AndersonInola Walston Finance & AdministrationLisa Rogers, Division DirectorAllison GambleJasmine Rogers Senior Project Advisors Peter McGrath, PhDCoordinatorInterAcademy PartnershipWashington, D.C., USA John BorightExecutive Director, International Affairs NationalAcademy of SciencesWashington, D.C., USA Research Mentors Ana Spalding, PhDDirector, Adrienne Arsht Community-BasedResilience Solutions Initiative, SmithsonianTropical Research CenterPanama City, Panama Rebecca Albright, PhDAssistant Curator, California Academy of SciencesSan Francisco, California, USA Kālewa Correa, MLIS, MEdCurator of Hawai’i and the PacificSmithsonian Asian Pacific American CenterWaimea, Hawai’i Jan Marcin Weslawski, PhDProfessor, Department of EcologyInstitute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of SciencesSopot, Poland Suam Kim, PhDProfessor Emeritus, Pukyong National UniversityKorean Academy of Science and Technology (KAST)Seattle, Washington, USA Project Advisors Guadalupe Díaz Costanzo, PhDDirector of Museums and ExhibitionsMinistry of Science, Technology and Innovation,ArgentinaBuenos Aires, Argentina Ajani BakariKnauss Fellow, NOAA Research Communications,NOAAChattanooga, Tennessee, USA Alison Cawood, PhDDirector of Public Engagement, SmithsonianEnvironmental Research CenterEdgewater, Maryland, USA Katelyn DiBenedetto, PhDProgram Manager, MarineGEO & TennenbaumMarine Observatories Network, SmithsonianEnvironmental Research CenterEdgewater, Maryland, USA Bing Chen, PhD, PEng, FCAE, FCSCE, FEIC, MEASAProfessor and UArctic Research Chair in Marineand Coastal Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science,Memorial University of NewfoundlandDirector, Network on Persistent, Emerging and OilPoLlution in the Environments (PEOPLE)St. John’s,Newfoundland, Canada Emmett Duffy, PhDChief Scientist, MarineGEO & Tennenbaum MarineObservatories Network, Smithsonian EnvironmentalResearch CenterEdgewater, Maryland, USA RoseEmma Mamaa Entsua-MensahDirector, CCST-CIEFellow, Ghana Academy of Arts and SciencesAccra, Ghana Jennifer CollinsLearning Experience Manager, Exhibits andInitiatives, Smithsonian National Museumof Natural HistoryWashington, D.C., USA Mary Hagedorn, PhDSenior Research Scientist, SmithsonianNational Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute,Principle Investigator, Reef Recovery InitiativeWashington, D.C., USA Richner Naa Krokor OdoiDeputy-Director, Marine Fisheries ManagementDivision, Ghana Ministry of Food and AgricultureAccra, Ghana Dr. Lisa OttoNational Research Foundation-SARChI Chairin African Diplomacy and Foreign Policy, Universityof JohannesburgJohannesburg, South Africa E. Michael Henley, PhDPostdoctoral Researcher, Smithsonian NationalZoo and Conservation Biology InstituteHawai‘i Institute of Marine BiologyKāne‘ohe, Hawai‘i, USA Robert C. Rocha, Jr.Associate Curator of Science and Research,New Bedford Whaling MuseumNew Bedford, Massachusetts, USA Jill JohnsonExhibits Developer/Project Manager, SmithsonianNational Museum of Natural HistoryWashington, D.C., USA Shannon SpragueDeputy Director (acting), NOAA ChesapeakeBay OfficeAnnapolis, Maryland, USA Cynthia Punihaole KennedyDirector of Kahalu`u Bay Education CenterKona, Hawaii, USA Kailin Kroetz, PhDAssistant Professor, School of Sustainability,College of Global Futures, Arizona StateUniversityTempe, Arizona, USA Hannah TestaFounder of Hannah4ChangeAtlanta, Georgia, USA Richard C. Thompson, PhD OBE FRSProfessor of Marine Biology, Director of the MarineInstitute, University of PlymouthPlymouth, United Kingdom Claire LagerBiological Science Technician, SmithsonianInstitutionKaneohe,