数字贸易是如何重塑全球经济的+

How digital trade is reshapingthe global economy Introduction International trade winds have shifted in recent years, and a newconcept has emerged that theWorld Trade Organizationcalls“reglobalization.” The name refers to a form of global trade thatis more diversified, as businesses and countries seek a broadernetwork of trading partners that is more robust to political andeconomic shocks. Digital trade is a key driver of global growth today and theinternet is the primary infrastructure underpinning this trend.It provides businesses with access to customers in far flungmarkets that stand outside traditional bilateral trade relationships.Any business, anywhere, can now conceivably sell to customersin nearly every corner of the globe. Increasingly, businesses aretaking advantage of this potential. A better path forward is whatwe are calling ‘re-globalization’:deeper, more deconcentratedmarkets, achieved by bringingmore people and places fromthe margins of the globaleconomy to the mainstream. To validate this hypothesis and better understand the nature of thisshift, we took a close look at our digital exports data and surveyed9 key global markets: Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan,Mexico, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Director-GeneralNgozi Okonjo-IwealaWorld Trade Organization We interviewed thousands of businesses, consumers, andanalyzed data from the Stripe network. We wanted to understandwhich kinds of businesses are most likely to be expanding into newglobal markets, which markets they’re choosing, and what kinds ofopportunities and challenges they’re encountering along the way. This report presents our key findings, indicating thatreglobalization is being powered by the rise of digital exports:the cross-border sale of digital services and physical goods viadigital channels. It finds unexpected optimism from businessesand consumers about the prospects of the globalized economy.Despite the increased complexity that businesses need tonavigate, 50% of businesses think it is easier today to run aninternational business than it was five years ago, and 66% planto expand into other countries in the next two years. Eighty-ninepercent attribute the wider availability of technology and tools askey to an easy transition to international expansion. Enterprises arepursuing reglobalization, but so are startups and sole proprietorcompanies. And while it’s less of a surprise that the softwareindustry is reglobalizing, maybe it’s more of one that the educationindustry is too. About this report This report provides an overview of the opportunity that the internet is enabling for all businessesacross the world to maximize sales through cross-border digital exports. Based on transaction data on Stripe, as well as business and consumer sentiment surveys, thereport identifies and elaborates on emerging trends in the global digital economy, including howreglobalization is being powered by digital exports. It is based on three main sources of data: •Business sentiment datafrom a B2B International study conducted in June 2023 of over1,700 business leaders based in Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Singapore,the UK, and the US. •Consumer sentiment datafrom a YouGov study conducted in June 2023 of 11,500 consumersacross Australia, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Singapore, the UK, and the US. •Transaction data aggregated from the Stripe platformof payment flows from Stripe users inAustralia, France, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Mexico, Singapore, the UK, and the US that sellproducts or services to customers internationally. The data was collected in April 2023, andcovers the period from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In this report, the term “digital exports” refers to the cross-border sale of digital products and services,as well as physical goods, via digital channels. This is defined as goods and serviceswhich are “digitally ordered” and “digitally paid for,” but could be delivered or serviced eitherphysically or digitally. In the context of this report, the business sentiment data and the transaction data aggregated fromthe Stripe platform should be treated as indicative and not directly comparable to national trade dataas it is based on different criteria. The business sentiment survey and the transaction data aggregatedfrom the Stripe platform are extrapolated mostly from Stripe users, and do not fully represent thebroader global economy. Key Takeaways This report explores how digital exports are transforming the global economy in three core areas: 1. Creating unexpected optimism from businesses and consumers about the prospectsof the globalized economy: Despite a challenging short-term climate, both businesses and consumers are optimistic aboutincreasing how much they buy and sell across borders: •Sixty-six percent of businesses are planning to expand into other countries within the nexttwo years.•Sixty-eight percent of consumers are open to t