2024电池对实现气候和能源目标至关重要

INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines thefull spectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gasand coal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement andmuch more. Throughits work, the IEAadvocates policiesthat will enhance thereliability, affordabilityand sustainability ofenergy in its31 member countries,13associationcountries andbeyond. IEAassociationcountries: IEA membercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and anymap included herein arewithout prejudice to thestatus of or sovereignty overany territory, to thedelimitation of internationalfrontiers and boundariesand to the name of anyterritory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org At the International Energy Agency (IEA), we monitor and analyse the progress of more than500 energy technologies on a daily basis, providing valuable insights into the trajectory ofthe global energy sector. This process supports the development of energy policies andfosters dialogue at the highest levels of policy making. In this new report, we provide an in-depth examination of a technology that is a linchpin indelivering clean energy transitions and protecting energy security. Batteries will be critical toachieving the energy goals agreed by nearly 200 countries at the COP28 climate changeconference in Dubai, notably tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030, doubling the paceof energy efficiency improvements and transitioning away from fossil fuels. Together with renewables and other clean energy solutions, batteries can ensure reliableand abundant supply of electricity to households and businesses throughout the world.Batteries are already the beating heart of our technology-led societies and essential to thedevices, such as phones and computers, that are embedded in modern life. Now, as cleanenergy transitions pick up pace, the role of batteries is expanding significantly, and so too isour reliance on them. Manufacturers are producing batteries for an ever-growing range ofconsumer and industrial products as demand expands rapidly, from the drivetrains in electricvehicles to utility-scale power storage in our electricity systems. Going forward, I see batteries having a profound impact on two sectors which are key pillarsof the global energy transition – namely transport and power. Improvements in batterytechnology combined with rapidly falling costs, mean that electric vehicles in many parts ofthe world are increasingly competitive on price with conventional cars. In the power sector,new battery capacity globally has doubled year-on-year, with 2023 setting a new record forinstallations. Battery costs have declined by 90% in less than 15 years. And today, utility-scalebatteries paired with solar PV are already competitive with new coal in some countries likeIndia and, in the next few years, will be with new natural gas in the United States and newcoal in China. Reducing emissions and getting on track to meet international energy and climate targetswill hinge on whether the world can scale up batteries fast enough. More than half the jobthat we need to do will rely, at least in some part, on battery deployment. Our analysis showsthat energy storage more broadly will need to increase sixfold by 2030 to help meet the goalsset at COP28, a target that will be met almost exclusively by batteries. Yet, obstacles to progress remain. Costs must continue to come down to drive further uptakeacross a wide range of sectors. Battery manufacturing capacity has more than tripled in thelast three years, but it remains too concentrated in only a few countries, as does theextraction and processing of the critical minerals on which it relies. However, the good newsis that new chemistries for batteries will help reduce over-reliance on only a handful of keyingredients, and improving the recycling of raw materials will in time limit the need for newcritical minerals supplies. Governments have an important part to play in building out resilient local and internationalsupply chains to ensure that securely and sustainably produced batteries come to market ata reasonable cost. Legislation such as the Inflation Reduction Act in the United States, theNet Zero Industry Act in the European Union and the Production Linked Incentive in India aregood examples of how policy can affect real change in industry by backing technologymanufacturing. But supportive policies are also needed to help speed up deployment byminimising barriers to market entry for developers and reducing red