创业是数字时代创新的驱动力——来自17个亚洲开发银行区域成员的数据分析

ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM 17 ADB REGIONAL MEMBERS Erkko Autio and Donghyun Park ADB ECONOMICSWORKING PAPER SERIES ADB Economics Working Paper Series Entrepreneurship as a Driver of Innovation in the Digital Age:Analysis of Data from 17 ADB Regional Members Erkko Autio (erkko.autio@imperial.ac.uk) is a professorand Chair in Technology Venturing at Imperial CollegeBusiness School. Donghyun Park (dpark@adb.org)is an economic advisor at the Economic Researchand Development Impact Department, AsianDevelopment Bank. Erkko Autio and Donghyun Park No. 721 | April 2024 TheADB Economics Working Paper Seriespresents research in progress to elicit commentsand encourage debate on development issuesin Asia and the Pacific. The views expressedare those of the authors and do not necessarilyreflect the views and policies of ADB orits Board of Governors or the governmentsthey represent. Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2024 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2024. ISSN 2313-6537 (print), 2313-6545 (PDF)Publication Stock No. WPS240231-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/WPS240231-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. ABSTRACT Thispaper explores economy-and regional-level determinants of the productivitypotential of new entrepreneurial firms using data from Asian Development Bank regionalmembers. Results show that new entrepreneurial firms constitute a highly heterogeneousgroup in terms of their productivity potential and that this potential is shaped by theeconomy’s national system of entrepreneurship. This system consists of both economy-level institutional conditions, as well as the resource and knowledge dynamics thatoperate at the level of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Economy-level institutionalconditionsshape the productivity potential of the economy’s population of newentrepreneurial firms through their effect on who chooses to become an entrepreneur andwhat strategic goals the resulting new firms decide and are able to pursue. The regional-level entrepreneurial dynamics condition the extent to which new entrepreneurial venturesare able to realize this potential through business model innovation. This recognition isimportant because it suggests that to be effective, an economy’s entrepreneurship policyframework needs to address both economy-level institutional conditions as well asregional-level entrepreneurial ecosystem dynamics. The two require different policyapproaches and pose distinctive challenges. Keywords:digital entrepreneurship, productivity, entrepreneurial policy, new firmsJEL codes:O30, O38, L26, M13 1Introduction Public media often assumes a positive association between entrepreneurship, innovation,and economic development. In reality, this association is more complex than oftenthought. There is plenty of evidence that: (i) most “entrepreneurs” are not innovative, most“entrepreneurs”do not create new jobs in any significant number,and most“entrepreneurs” lack the means to be productive. These facts have been so widelyestablished by the world’s largest comparative data collection effort on individua