CCG报告 | 推进宅基地制度改革，为我国经济稳定发展及实现共同富裕注入新动力

1 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!摘 要 2023年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，也是三年新冠疫情防控转段后经济恢复发展的一年。2023年12月召开的中央经济工作会议指出，进一步推动经济回升向好需要克服一些困难和挑战，主要是有效需求不足、部分行业产能过剩、社会预期偏弱、风险隐患仍然较多，国内大循环存在堵点，外部环境的复杂性、严峻性、不确定性上升。 当前，我国经济正处于转型期，房地产业作为我国经济支柱产业明显走弱，是影响我国经济运行的一个重大风险因素。2022年来，我国房地产新政策接连推出，但一轮又一轮强力“救市”政策效果并不明显。2023年7月，中共中央政治局召开会议明确指出“要加大保障性住房建设和供给”“盘活改造各类闲置房产”“要有效防范化解地方债务风险。对此，或可考虑以推进宅基地制度改革为抓手，盘活闲置宅基地及农房资源，使倾向在城市定居生活的农民工及后代可通过宅基地流转获得一定在城市立足的资产性收益，同时也为城市人才下乡兴业、推进乡村建设等提供政策保障。由此可缩小居民收入差距，进一步释放经济增长内需潜力，在惠农便民、助力乡村振兴同时为盘活城市房地产市场注入新活力，同时助力我国适时推出房地产税，一定程度上填补地方政府土地出让收入减少后的财政赤字，为我国改革开放新发展阶段促进经济社会可持续发展，实现共同富裕注入新动力。 2024.01.26 推进宅基地制度改革，为我国经济 稳定发展及实现共同富裕注入新动力 Advance the reform of the rural residential land system, injecting new impetus into the development of the national economy and the realization of common prosperity. 2 Abstract The year 2023 marks the inaugural year of implementing the spirit from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and a crucial period for economic recuperation following three years of COVID-19 response efforts. The Central Economic Work Conference in December 2023 highlighted some difficulties and challenges impeding economic revival, including lack of effective demand, overcapacity in some sectors, lackluster social expectations, certain risks and hidden problems, bottlenecks in the domestic circulation, as well as rising complexity, severity and uncertainty of the external environment. Currently, China is navigating an economic transition, with the once robust real estate sector, a pillar industry of the national economy, now significantly weakened. This poses a substantial risk to the country's economic stability. Despite the introduction of numerous real estate policies to shore up the market since 2022, the impact of these measures remains limited. The July 2023 meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee underscored that “greater efforts should be made to launch more affordable housing projects to increase supply”, “the idle properties should be put into use and transformed”, and “we should effectively guard against and defuse local debt risks.” 3 One potential strategy involves initiating reforms in the homestead system, aimed at revitalizing idle homestead land and rural properties. This reform could empower migrant workers and their families, who are increasingly relocating to urban areas, to derive asset-based income by transferring rural homestead rights. Such a move would also incentivize urban professionals to engage in rural entrepreneurship and development, thereby boosting rural growth. This strategy is poised to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents, unlocking significant domestic demand for economic expansion. Besides benefiting the rural populace and aiding rural revitalization, it would also help reinvigorate the urban real estate market. Moreover, it can contribute to the timely introduction of real estate taxes, which could partially offset the fiscal deficits resulting from reduced local government land transfer revenues. It could provide fresh momentum for China's ongoing reform and opening-up, fostering sustainable economic and social development and the pursuit of common prosperity. 4 目 录 !"##########################$%$&'()*+,)########################$-$./ 0123456789:;<#############=$>/ 01?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO#######P$Q/ 01RS3TUVW901XYZ[\]########%-$^/ _`RS3TU?@abc.defKLg\hSi###%=$j/ klRS3TU?@mn01opZ[qrstu####%v$wxyz{g|}~ÄÅ################$--$$!!!!!!!!! 5 "#$%&'()*+,-./0!!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@@AB'/CDEF9GHIJKLMN(OP!"2QRS'TU#V9./LMN(OP!"WX>Y?@@ZB/CD[\]^8_`aNb,c-d20156ef'gh#9%ijklm(-no2p/N(OP!">qrsstB'./uvwxyz{p|}()*,~/01ÄÅ*,'ÇÉ()*,Ñ&9ÖrsB2Ü4Fá'c-./01Fá2àâäãå>Yçé'wèêëíìîïñóFòà;ôKöõúùûü†2°¢E'./()*£§T•¶ß®©™ ́2 ̈≠>YÖÆB&'./01E+Ø¢5;'()*£§0∞9?@@ZB(!%&±≤≥2ù¥'\μå∂∑(∏π∫'ª(ºHI(Ω_æø¿¡f2¬√ƒ0j≈'()*∆«;»... 'À)ÃÕŒœ–—{“”F‘>’÷◊'ÿŸqrsrrB⁄'./œ–(¤‹›ƒfiqtfls‡·>!é‚'„I()*‰EÂÊÁ2+,ËÈ'(∏ÍÎÏEÌÓÔ)yüÒCÚÛ‰Ù'≈,ıˆ ̃à'./01E+Ø¢“”5;>rsrtB?r ̄fl ̆'/ ̇ ̊ ̧ ̋ ̨ˆóˇ!F"#$%p/&' ̊ ̧ ̋ ̨á(„_)Rfù¥-_*•f>+,-&â ́.y•/\~01)yü2/∏23üÄ“43üì0 1 《中国断供房超过350万套？内行人建议：提前做准备，注意3个问题》，腾讯网，2023年8月5日，https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20230825A05SX500。 6 12OP5&2E+ÚÛ'6ñó72“”2p√01564PE8ÚÛ'.~()*+,“”9:2ÚÛ>Yw./()*£§–«H;Fòà;ôKE'<= ́>ù¥?@./()*£§AßB'CD()*Ωú;»E¡2=3E¡'8E+10156*ò2*•ëí'ƒc-./01FGp2àpWà>1Ç'rsrrB⁄H#2pI01FGJKLù'_â}M()*£§N)Fáf_OP()*,QdFáRUN)=Sf>rsrtBT ̄rA ̆pIüUVH#JK|}'_â ̃;MW7N(XY2–4'Z[OPLp\!]2^N_Æ ̧`abcdYeXY'fg!]Àhij(*f>rsrtB?r ̄H#2pI01FGJKk%()*$w9lmKnàeopÚÛ2uq'r8âstKn()*ì)yÒCìpuvwˆóxÚÛ'õyzí{|vwgP'}Q~N¿Fò;s7ÚÛ2⁄>YÄ∆«y•&Å' LMK“”O[Ç~./()*£§Fá2àâÄÉ>!"#$%&'./LMKÑÄ¿Örs܉ÙqrsrrB2áflàrrÜ'@àr?âîïwLMFGòg'+päãîïLMKÑæ ́ATàTÜ'åçIFfi/éZsÜ2NèêNÇ ́ç;^Ùëí>’÷◊'./LMKÑìîâfiqTflïñócò)RE&'ôöçJ5&\R2LMN(∆«>é‚'./? ̇îèõNa ̧•ZrsrsYBú-tsNyù'1ûü†Ffi/é2Yt@°áTNyù'Ç ́ß{¢;2^ 7 Ùëí>"™&£ß./õògêN^Ü'îèN(•Z^Ù2§(•¶àX5&2N(!ß2®d∆«Ìç-©™>YYYYYN( ́ ̈~àâ2ò ́ ̈2Fá ́ ̈>p≠ÆØ∞%&±à≤é≥ìà≤¥ê'(μG-é≥òg2∂∑Ì∏π∫9ªà2êºΩæ'_ø¿à¶ìøõ¡,ì ́(ñ ́éf2™¬©√Jƒî≈>Yw()*∆«Fá»√'... À(~ÃÈé≥2ÕŒ>[ƒ01E+√'Ãȃª(º•¶(...Ø¢;윃¿)R›≈,ıˆ'B–2—“Éì““Ék©ó-±,Ø¢;