2024年度中国商务环境调查报告（中英文版）

CONTENTS 目录02Chair’s Message主席致辞4. Business Environment商业环境3804Executive Summary概述4.1 Investment Environment 投资环境39151. 2024 Survey Methodology2024 年调查方法4.2 Human Resources人力资源61212. Performance Snapshot绩效速览4.3 Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights创新和知识产权69273. Business Operations and Goals商业运营和经营目标5. US-China Relations美中关系80 2AmCham China's 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Chair's MessageChina is a vital market for many American businesses. It is also an important source of talent and innovation that helps American companies boost their global competitiveness. At the same time, the presence of American companies in China strengthens the US-China relationship and the economies of both countries, but the benefits go beyond trade figures and simple measures of profit and loss. By promoting values such as transparency, respect for workers, and anti-corruption throughout their entire supply chains, American businesses lead by example, improving the business climate in China while creating jobs back home. Despite the expansion in bilateral trade in recent years, mistrust between the United States and China remains high, and relations are strained. The need for accurate information has never been greater. For more than 25 years, AmCham China’s Business Climate Survey (BCS) has helped meet this need by providing accurate, detailed information about the key issues and challenges affecting US business in China. Key Findings: • 2023 Financial Performance: American companies in China report improved financial performance for 2023 with increased profitability and EBIT margins. Despite this, slightly less than half of respondents expected to be profitable. • Optimism Recovers: The two-year business outlook for China has improved, with members showing increased optimism across the board, but especially with regards to domestic market growth, estimated profitability, and the economy. • Intent to Invest: China’s attractiveness as an investment destination has rebounded after last year’s sharp dip, with 50% of respondent companies now considering China among their top three global priorities, a 5pp increase year-on-year.• US-China Relations: Nearly all respondents view US-China relations as crucial to their businesses. Around 30% expect US-China relations to improve in 2024, a notably higher level of optimism than in 2023.• Unequal Treatment: Although it varies by sector, overall, one-third of companies report being treated less favorably by the Chinese authorities than their local competitors. Meanwhile, despite significant improvement compared to last year, a majority (57%) of companies lack confidence that China will further open its markets to foreign firms. • Business Challenges Continue: The primary concerns of American companies continue to be US-China relations, China’s regulatory environment, and rising costs as well as China’s Cybersecurity Law and protecting intellectual property.• Talent Retention: Expatriates have become somewhat more willing to relocate to China over the last year, though US-China tensions and other factors still negatively affect foreign talent recruitment.• ESG: 80% of members report implementing ESG practices in China, primarily focused on strengthening DEI, employee training, and business ethics.We hope that this year’s BCS will inform policies on both sides of the Pacific and contribute to constructive, sustainable, and mutually beneficial relations between the two countries.Sean Stein Chair, AmCham China February 2024 3AmCham China's 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report 主席致辞对众多美国企业来说，中国不仅是关键市场，更是人才和创新的重要沃土，这对美国企业的全球竞争力至关重要。美企在华业务的深入不仅促进了美中关系和双边贸易，其带来的益处也远不仅体现在双边贸易和利润数据方面。美国企业在其供应链中推崇公开透明、尊重员工和反腐败等价值，不仅树立了良好的商业典范，优化了中国的商业环境，也为美国国内创造了更多就业机会。尽管美中贸易额近年有所扩大，但是两国间的信任缺失和关系紧张问题依旧存在。在此背景下，信息的准确性更为重要。中国美国商会的商业环境调查报告至今已有超过25年的历史，旨在通过提供详实准确的信息，解析美国在华企业所面临的核心问题与重要挑战。主要议题： •2023年财务表现：2023年在华美国企业的财务表现有所改善，盈利水平和息税前利润率均有所上升；略低于半数的受访企业预期将实现盈利。 •乐观态势复苏：会员企业对中国接下来两年的商业前景预期有所改善，相较去年更为乐观，尤其在中国的市场增长、盈利能力和经济总体状况方面。 •投资意向：去年会员企业对中国的投资意向大幅下滑。今年情况略有改善，50%的受访企业将中国列为全球首选或前三位投资目的地，相比2022年上升了5个百分点。 •美中关系：几乎所有受访企业均表示美中双边关系至关重要。近30%的受访企业预计2024年美中关系将有所改善，对双边关系的乐观程度明显高于2023年。 •待遇不均：近三分之一的受访企业表示，相比本土企业外资企业受到更多不公平待遇，但这一感受在各细分领域存在差异。同时，有57%的会员企业仍表示对中国进一步对外资开放市场的承诺表示不确定或信心不足，尽管相比2022年有显著改善。 •持续的商业挑战：会员企业主要关切的问题仍然集中在美中关系、中国的监管环境、成本，以及中国的网络安全法律法规和知识产权保护等方面。 •人才留存问题：过去一年，外籍人才愿意调派至中国工作的意愿有所上升，尽管美中关系紧张和其他因素仍对招聘外籍人才产生负面影响。 •环境、社会及治理（ESG）情况：80%的会员企业表示已在中国开展“环境、社会及治理（ESG）”相关实践，重点推进“多元化、平等、包容（DEI）”战略，以及加强员工培训和商业伦理建设。我们希望今年的商业环境调查报告能为两国的政策制定提供相关信息支持，助力两国构建具有建设性、可持续性、互利互惠的双边关系。谭森中国美国商会主席二零二四年二月 4AmCham China's 2024 China Business Climate Survey Report Executive SummaryIn this year’s Business Climate Survey, members report improved financial results for 2023, with increased profitability and EBIT margins in key sectors, and a more positive two-year business forecast, driven by opportunities in carbon neutrality and expectations of continued economic reforms in China. However, most plan limited or no new investments