2021中国商务环境调查报告（中英）

US-CHINABUSINESSTHE NEXT HUNDRED YEARSCHINA BUSINESS CLIMATE SURVEY REPORT中国商务环境调查报告 The American Chamber of Commerce in the People’s Republic of China Chairman's Message .......................................................................2主席致辞Executive Summary ........................................................................4概 述2021 Survey Methodology ........................................................162021 年调查方法Section I: Performance Snapshot ...........................................21第一部分：绩效速览Section II: Business Operations and Goals ........................31第二部分：商业运营和经营目标Growth Outlook and Opportunities .....................................33增长前景与机遇Investment Outlook ...................................................................36投资前景Section III: Business Environment ........................................54第三部分：投资环境Business Challenges and ........................................................56 Regulatory Environment商业挑战和监管环境Human Resources .......................................................................70人力资源Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights .....................78创新和知识产权Section IV: Impact of Bilateral Relations ............................90第四部分：中美关系的影响CONTENTS目录1 Chairman's MessageThis 23rd annual edition of AmCham China’s China Business Climate Survey Report captures the performance and sentiment of the American business community throughout 2020. A year defined globally by the COVID-19 pandemic – with unexpected disruptions to day-to-day business operations, a new environment characterized by remote and online work, global travel restrictions, and uncertainty due to global economic contraction – and in which US-China tensions only escalated. While many member companies took financial hits and necessarily adopted new strategies, commitment to the Chinese market remains strong. With China leading in economic recovery and the new US administration in place, our members are cautiously optimistic regarding business growth in China and simultaneously maintain hope that the bilateral relationship will improve, yet remain keenly aware that certain bilateral tensions will continue to create business challenges. Notwithstanding the challenging situation, the Chamber in our 102nd year remains committed to enhancing US-China commercial relations for the “Next 100 Years” and will continue to act in ways that reaffirm our role as an essential “bridge” between the US and China. Some of the key themes highlighted in this year’s report include: ●2020 was a difficult year for companies financially, with record lows in revenue and profitability and COVID-19 a key contributor to this downturn. That said, experiences vary by sector (as further detailed throughout the report), and compared with companies’ global operations, the outlook for future economic growth in China is in fact positive. ●Bilateral trade tensions were overwhelmingly cited as the top business challenge in 2020, displacing rising labor costs and inconsistent regulatory interpretation and enforcement. ●On the regulatory front, the proportion of members who feel they are treated the same as their domestic counterparts continues to grow and a majority believe China remains committed to further opening its markets to foreign investment. Despite this confidence, members express high levels of uncertainty regarding how key regulations, from the Foreign Investment Law to the Unreliable Entity List, will impact their operations in practice. ●Members are more optimistic about bilateral relations going into 2021, particularly following the US presidential election, which took place early on during our survey period. A majority consider positive bilateral relations as extremely important to business growth. ●Looking forward, our members are most hopeful for a clear timeframe for further market openings, actions to foster a more level playing field, and a more stable bilateral relationship that is not characterized by aggressive rhetoric and tit-for-tat actions, and actual broad market implementation of policies more closely tailored to the policies' stated intent.Indeed, as the bilateral relationship undergoes a needed calibration, we hope that both countries will work to craft a mutually beneficial, stable, equitable, and sustainable relationship over the long-term. Despite the challenges, AmCham China looks forward to fostering open and candid dialogues for both governments and advocating for a better operating environment for American businesses in China. While there are areas of seemingly unsolvable contention in the bilateral relationship, there is also a sizeable list of areas in which both countries can collaborate. With the big tasks that lie ahead, we hope that the data found within this report can help provide both governments with a clear baseline understanding of the challenges and opportunities that American companies are facing in China.Greg Gilligan Chairman, AmCham China March 2021 2 主席致辞中国美国