中国企业家健康绿皮书（2023版）

⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ 䒸鎊INTRODUCTION ⟱⚌㹻⡲⚹䧮㕂絑崸〄㾝涸䒸乾僽䲀鵳⚥㕂䒭梡➿⻊涸ꅾ銳⸂ꆀ⛲僽䔲♴⚥㕂獺緃涸餴彂կ䔲✲⚌涸晜㕃鷶幯䬪㾝㨤絊魧㢅劼麁♸䮋䧶痦♧絁涸➭⟌魧⡤ծ䗱椚⿽ꅾ⨴䐀⾓⸂⛲ꥥ⛓罜勻կ䔲♴⟱⚌㹻涸⨴䐀꡼곿姻䠁〄䧭⚹Ⱒ禹䧮㕂絑崸爢⠔〄㾝⿺⽡欰䊨⡲涸ꅾ銳靃곿կ ⚹靐宠⟱⚌涸ⵄ渤♸Ɤ鵴涸〄㾝➭⟌㤃⸂䭨䴩剣❈➃㗏䭯ⵌ✫剒た剣❈➃⽲傍傍デⵆ莺〵կ䎃䎃ⴲ瀊瀊㣔傞ꢂ⡙"肅♳䋑Ⱆ぀㹊꣢䱽ⵖ➃㔔氻猌⚆涸嶊䜂♧絑刕ⴀ刿僽鴽鸟䒸勻緸⿼涸䎛岌Ⱒ岤˘˘鵛Ⳝ䎃勻⟱⚌㹻薉䎃傍鸙ծꢤ搬鳥⚆涸䫣麤侨♶胿侨➭⟌鵮尵瘝ⵌ➃欰⛓蔄渿佞㽠傍傍㖑㖈➃欰假鸀⚥♴鲨猌㖞կ➭⟌肕餏䔂捘涸⢪ㄐ䠭䘐✵䭨䴩䘍䧮䊨⡲⽲䙐殜✫荈魧涸⨴䐀꡼곿կ⟱⚌㹻僽遤⚌涸곭ⱙ➃暟➭⟌荈魧涸⨴䐀⠔䕧ㆇ♧⚡⟱⚌涸ㄐ鵘䨾ぢ⠔暭⸓♧⚡遤⚌涸〄㾝饥⸷欨荛⠔䕧ㆇ侮⚡㕂㹻涸絑崸䒊霃կ ⚹✫䲿ꄀ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻纈⡤た俒皍獦⟱⚌㹻㼆魧䗱⨴䐀涸ꅾ錠䌐⸔⟱⚌㹻⨞㥩⨴䐀盗椚⨞ⵌ傍〄梡ծ傍霏倗ծ傍屛毫昶䐀꧋㔙荈䎃饰嫦䎃㼆⟱⚌㹻涸⨴䐀꡼곿䒓㾝騈驶灇瑕䎇〄䋒շ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⟄劍䒸饰⟱⚌㹻➃纈㼆⨴䐀盗椚ㄤ氬氻곫꣈涸ꅾ錠㽍Ⱖ僽䗱過盗氬氻ㄤ浓氿瘝䢨䚍ꅾ㣐氬氻涸곫꣈ㄤ盗椚կ昶䐀꧋㔙獤匧ㆇ䎾⨴䐀⚥㕂䧶殜ㄎが⟱⚌㹻獤匧䫏餴⨴䐀꣈薴✵劢搬կ剣✫⨴䐀涸魧⡤䩞腊❧剣⨴䐀♸餒㺢Ⱟ䖤涸㸤繠➃欰կ 湡䔶CONTENTS շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸ꅾ銳絕雿06 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸侨䰘勻彂ծ湡叻➃纈ㄤ絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞08 1.1շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸侨䰘勻彂ㄤ湡叻➃纈1.2շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞1.3շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬叅고湡霹僈 11շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸匬䧭䞔ⲃ 2.1⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ匬䧭嫱2.2⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ䎃륁匬䧭嫱2.3⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸⼓㚖ⴔ䋒 14շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥ꥥ霄ⵌ➃縸䝖浓氿 GREEN PAPER ON THE HEALTH OF CHINESE ENTREPRENEURS |3.1ꥥ霄烁霏縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻浓氿猫碫ⴔ䋒3.2ꥥ霄烁霏縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ䎃륁ⴔ䋒3.3⢾✌艑浓鸑鵂✌艑馄㡮唬叅〄梡⢾✌艑浓鸑鵂✌艑馄㡮ㄤ꜃ꬶ唬叅〄梡3.4
⢾歌朐艑浓㖲鸑鵂歌朐艑馄㡮唬叅〄梡 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸⨴䐀朐ⲃ25 4.1⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓霹僈ծ䚍ⵆⴔ䋒ㄤ䎃륁ⴔ䋒4.2⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸⼓㚖ⴔ䋒4.3շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո♸շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧嫱鳅4.4շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓⾎䎃嫱㼆4.5⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸䎃馋⸷곫崵 36շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸ⴔ碫絡雦ⴔ區 5.1㿨㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻넞過⾓唬ⴀ桧鴪ⵌ5.2㿨㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻欥屘♲ꂾ5(㟞넞唬ⴀ桧馄鵂 5.3ぐ䎃륁媯⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻䗱歏㕃䒗䌢唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂 5.4瑟艎過祪'#(⼮넞唬ⴀ桧ッ梡ꥥ䎃륁㟞⸈罜㟞Ɤ涸馋⸷5.5㿨㿨⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻涸㽶ꃑ6"㟞넞唬ⴀ桧剒넞5.6㿨⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⡤ꅾ䭷侨#.*㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂5.7⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻➢㿨䒓㨤歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮涸唬ⴀ桧馄鵂5.8㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻腒肘聽馄㡮唬ⴀ桧馄鵂 5.9㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻胊屲稇(㟞넞涸唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂5.10㿨⿺⟄♳⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂 5.11㿨㿨⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻✌艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧剒넞唬ⴀ桧馄鵂 5.12⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻낧ꆀⲸ㼱낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞㖈㿨⿺⟄♳唬ⴀ桧馄鵂 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻㢴絶䏞⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓翫ざⴔ區59 6.1鸑鵂䕧⫸㷖唬叅翫ざ㹊낉㹔唬崵〄梡 涸⟱⚌㹻唬ⴀ腒肘聽ず傞ⴀ梡고聽⸆腊䭷叻䒗䌢6.2鸑鵂䗱歏㕃唬叅翫ざ䗱腮湱Ⱒ㹊낉㹔唬崵〄梡 涸⟱⚌㹻唬ⴀ䗱歏䒗䌢ず傞ⴀ梡고䗱腮湱Ⱒ㹊낉㹔䭷叻䒗䌢 傍〄梡ծ傍霏倗ծ傍屛毫僽Ⱒꝶ65 鵛劍雿俒〄邍75 շ 晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸ꅾ銳絕雿IMPORTANT CONCLUSIONS 1.浓氿ꥥ霄絕卓 !䎃㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⿬⸈⡤唬涸紨♰➃妃⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥昶䐀꧋㔙䊺ꥥ霄ⵌ➃烁霏浓氿浓氿ꥥ霄侨䰘絡雦荈䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈⽰շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻涸浓氿〄氻桧荛㼱僽˚➃ ➃ ➃僽䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻侨ꆀ霪〄氻桧♸㕂㹻浓氿⚥䗱Ⱆ䋒涸Ⰼ㕂䜌䚍胅泿〄氻桧湱䔲˚䎃〄䋒涸շ䎃⚥㕂䜌䚍胅泿崨遤䞔ⲃⴔ區ո կた絯ꥥ霄䊨⡲➠㖈鵳遤⚥た絯ꥥ霄鵂玐⚥곫雦➠⠔剣刿㢴縸䝖浓氿涸⟱⚌㹻鄄〄梡կ 2.⡤唬ꅾ銳絕卓 !շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո呏䰘䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬㤛귬涸絆䧭ㄤぐ고湡涸⿬唬桧鷥䭊✫고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓鵳遤絡雦絡雦絕卓儑爙䱗ꤑ♸䚍ⵆ湱Ⱒ涸⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮瘝⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮㖈⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥涸唬ⴀ桧剒넞鴪ⵌ䖃♴⣜妃⚹⡤ꅾ䭷侨#.*㟞넞ծ腒肘聽馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ծ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫ-%-$㟞넞ㄤ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂♲䧭կ !㼆✵⚥㕂歑䚍⟱⚌㹻銻渷剒䎛岌涸⨴䐀꡼곿僽⡤ꅾ䭷侨#.*㟞넞唬ⴀ桧䖃♴⣜妃⚹腒肘聽馄㡮ծ⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ծ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮ㄤ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫ-%-$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲㖈⟄♳կ !㼆✵⚥㕂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻銻渷剒䎛岌涸⨴䐀꡼곿僽歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧䖃♴⣜妃⚹✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ낧ꆀⲸ㼱낧餘毜匠낧㺙䏞ㄤ⡛㺙䏞腒跗涯胐㔿ꃫ-%-$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂կ !շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧涸絡雦侨䰘儑爙⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ⡤ꅾ䭷侨#.*㟞넞ծ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ腒肘聽馄㡮ծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ㄤ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂կ姼㢪歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻✌艑絕蒜馄㡮涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂㹡곯䒗䌢㦀猰唬叅涸⾎䎃唬ⴀ桧㖲馄鵂կ !㼆շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոㄤշ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոⰖ䋒涸⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧鵳遤䎃륁ㄤ䚍ⵆ叻⻊絡雦絡雦絕卓儑爙䎃⟱⚌㹻剣고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓叻⻊唬ⴀ桧넞✵䎃⺫䭍滚䏀䒗䌢滚䏀Ꞥծ✌艑絕蒜馄㡮ծ⵸⴩艑䒗䌢馄㡮ծ곯⸓腡䒗䌢馄㡮ծ䚪胐㔿ꃫ5$㟞넞ㄤ歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮瘝꨽銳䒸饰ꅾ錠կ !㖈♶罌贊➃〡䎃륁絕匬ծ㕂㹻⽡欰佟瘻⿺Ⱖ➭䕧ㆇ㔔稇」⸓涸䞔ⲃ♴呏䰘շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⡤唬侨䰘㼆⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻鿈ⴔ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧劢勻䎃」⻊馋⸷鵳遤곫崵կⵌ䎃歌朐艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧곫雦剣〳腊馄鵂䚪胐㔿ꃫ5$㟞넞唬ⴀ桧곫雦剣〳腊馄鵂✌艑絕蒜馄㡮唬ⴀ桧곫雦㼜剣〳腊馄鵂կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸侨䰘勻彂ㄤ湡叻➃纈 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո䨾ꅷ欽涸絡雦侨䰘勻彂✵䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈⟱⚌㹻⡤唬侨䰘䎽Ⱏ佐꧋紨♰➃妃կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո荛շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ոⰟ佐꧋紨♰➃妃涸侨䰘䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈կ 昶䐀꧋㔙⡤唬侨䰘㖲ꅷ欽猙剣⻊鿈縭涸⼕毫✻㶸⪰⟄⥂ꥻ⟱⚌㹻侨䰘㸝Ⰼկ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸絡雦ⴔ區絶䏞⺫䭍⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆㄤ䎃륁ⴔ䋒⟱⚌㹻涸浓氿ꥥ霄絡雦ⴔ區⟱⚌㹻涸ぐ고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧涸䚪⡤ⴔ䋒ծ䚍ⵆⴔ䋒ㄤ䎃륁ⴔ䋒⟱⚌㹻涸ぐ고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧⾎䎃嫱㼆ծ馋⸷곫崵ㄤ叻⻊ⴔ區⟱⚌㹻㢴絶䏞⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓翫ざⴔ區կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬叅고湡霹僈 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո呏䰘䎃剢傈荛䎃剢傈⟱⚌㹻⡤唬㤛귬涸絆䧭ㄤぐ고湡涸⿬唬桧鷥䭊✫고⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓鵳遤絡雦絡雦絶䏞⺫䭍䗱過盗碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ծ➿靧ㄤⰻⴔ屲碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ծ嶊⻊禹絡碫⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓ㄤ䚍ⵆ湱Ⱒ涸⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓瘝կ⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓涸ⴼ㹁叻ⲥㄤⰌ㕂崨遤氻㷖侨䰘⿬罌湱Ⱒ㕂㹻遤⚌叻ⲥծ㕂㹻勉㪭䫣デㄤ⼕㷖䭷⽂瘝կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸匬䧭䞔ⲃ ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻䚍ⵆ匬䧭嫱 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⿬⸈⡤唬涸紨♰➃妃涸⟱⚌㹻⚥歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⽑嫱㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻⽑嫱歑䚍⟱⚌㹻➃侨㢴✵㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻➃侨կ ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸䚍ⵆ䎃륁匬䧭嫱 շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⿬⸈⡤唬涸紨♰➃妃涸⟱⚌㹻⚥歑䚍⟱⚌㹻⿬唬➃侨剒㢴涸䎃륁⼓ꢂ僽㿨㿨⽑嫱䖃♴⣜妃⚹㿨㿨⽑嫱㿨㿨⽑嫱㿨⿺⟄♳⽑嫱ㄤ㿨㿨⽑嫱瘝կ㥎䚍⟱⚌㹻⿬唬➃侨剒㢴涸䎃륁⼓ꢂ⛲僽㿨㿨⽑嫱䖃♴⣜妃⚹㿨㿨⽑嫱㿨㿨⽑嫱㿨⿺⟄♳⽑嫱ㄤ㿨㿨⽑嫱瘝կ ⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻涸⼓㚖ⴔ䋒 呏䰘䧮㕂♫㣐㖑椚ⴔ⼓涸ⴢⴔ叻ⲥ㼆⟱⚌㹻ⵌ唬涸㙹䋑鵳遤ⴔ絆傋㖈〄梡♶ず㖑椚ⴔ⼓涸⟱⚌㹻⡤唬䒗䌢絕卓唬ⴀ桧涸䊵䒗կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻ⴔ䋒✵䧮㕂⚎⻌ծ⼶⻌ծ⼶⚎ծ⼶⽂ծ⼶⚥ծ銯⻌ㄤ銯⽂♶⺫䭍껺度ծ慌꡶ㄤ〵弩կⰦ⚥⼶⚎涸⟱⚌㹻➃侨剒㢴匬䧭嫱⚹䖃♴⣜妃⚹⼶⻌ծ⼶⽂ծ銯⽂ծ銯⻌ծ⼶⚥ㄤ⚎⻌կ⼶⚎ㄤ⼶⻌涸⟱⚌㹻匬䧭嫱䊺絑馄鵂Ⱃ䧭կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥ꥥ霄ⵌ➃縸䝖浓氿 ꥥ霄烁霏縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻浓氿猫碫ⴔ䋒 ⨴䐀⡤唬僽傍劍〄梡ꅾ㣐氬氻涸ꅾ銳鸀䖈⛲僽㹊倶氬氻傍劍곫꣈ㄤ䒓㾝⨴䐀盗椚涸㛇劥鸀䖈⿺剣佪䩛媯կշ⨴䐀⚥㕂遤⸓䎃ո䭷ⴀⵌ䎃ㄤ䎃䚪⡤浓氿䎃欰㶸桧ⴔⵆ♶⡛✵ㄤ浓氿꣈屛呍䗱濼霋濼儯桧ⴔⵆ♶⡛✵ㄤ넞〄㖑⼓ꅾ挿浓猫傍霏桧鴪ⵌ⿺⟄♳䎇䭯絯䲿넞㛇劥㹊梡浓氿넞⽭➃纈㹁劍⿬⸈꣈浓⡤唬կ 昶䐀꧋㔙荈䎃䒓㨤㹊倶剣➃盗涸⡤唬䧶殜㼆⡤唬鵂玐⚥〄梡涸ꅾ銳䒗䌢絕卓鵳遤ꥥ霄կ㖈晜⿬♸⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥昶䐀꧋㔙㼆⡤唬絕卓ⴀ梡ꅾ銳䒗䌢涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻䒓㾝ꥥ霄䊺絑ꥥ霄ⵌ縸䝖浓氿涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻㖲歋勉㪭⼕ꤎ烁霏կ շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻ꥥ霄涸絡雦侨䰘儑爙䎃Ⰼ㕂紨♰㖈昶䐀꧋㔙⿬⸈⡤唬涸⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⚥昶䐀꧋㔙䊺ꥥ霄ⵌ➃烁霏浓氿⽰շ晜⚥㕂⟱⚌㹻⨴䐀綁淼⛼ո⚥⟱⚌㹻涸浓氿〄氻桧荛㼱僽˚➃ ➃ ➃僽䎃剢傈荛䎃剢