© 2023 United Nations Environment Programme ISBN: 978-92-807-4009-7 Job number: DEL/2507/NA This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The United Nations Environment Programme would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Communication Division, United Nations Environment Programme, P. O. Box 30552, Nairobi 00100, Kenya. Disclaimers The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Mention of a commercial company or product in this document does not imply endorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme or the authors. The use of information from this document for publicity or advertising is not permitted. Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with no intention on infringement of trademark or copyright laws. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Environment Programme. We regret any errors or omissions that may have been unwittingly made. © Maps, photos and illustrations as specified Suggested citation: United Nations Environment Programme (2023). Watch out for illegal trade of HCFCs and HFCs: Lessons learnt from the Global Montreal Protocol Award for Customs and Enforcement Officers. Paris, France. Front and Back Cover: © Polish Customs AcknowledgementsThis document was produced in 2022 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),Law Division, OzonAction as part of UNEP’s work programme under the Multilateral Fund for theImplementation of the Montreal Protocol.The UNEP project team:Mr. James S. Curlin, Head of UNEP OzonActionMs. Anne-Maria Fenner, Information Manager, OzonActionMr. Halvart Koppen, Regional Network Coordinator, OzonActionResearched and written by:Ms. Anna Kobylecka, Polish Customs Administration, PolandQuality reviewed by:Dr. Gilbert Bankobeza, UNEP Ozone SecretariatDr. Ezra Clark, UNEP OzonActionMr. Benjamin Ojoleck, UNEP Law DivisionMr. Roux Raath, World Customs OrganizationMr. Adilson Teixeira, World Customs OrganizationMs. Janet Macharia, Head of Gender and safeguards unit, UNEPMr. Andrea Hinwood, Chief scientist UNEPEditing and proofreading:Ms. Juliana Chaves Chaparro, UNEP OzonActionEnglish proofreading:Mr. Jean Paul Martial, Consultant for UNEP OzonActionLayout and design:Ms. Katharine Mugridge, kmugridge.comReview and referencing:Mr. Daniel Hopkins, Consultant for UNEP OzonActioniii A5 country Article 5 country (developing country) CAP Compliance Assistance Programme (UNEP OzonAction) CAS number Chemical Abstract Service Number CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2eq Carbon dioxide equivalent CTC Carbon tetrachloride EC European Commission ECA Europe and Central Asia EU European Union F-gas Fluorinated gas Global Award Global Montreal Protocol Award for Customs and Enforcement Officers (2017-2018) GWP Global Warming Potential HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon ODP Ozone Depletion Potential ODS Ozone Depleting Substances RILOs WCO Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices UNEP United Nations Environment Programme WCO World Customs Organization iv List of Abbreviations ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................. III LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................... IV TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF PHOTOS ........................................................................................................................................... VI 1. INTRODUCTION ........