中瑞职业教育行业白皮书

China-Switzerland White Paper onVocational Education TABLE OF CONTENTS 序一、瑞士职业教育体系概述二、中国职业教育的发展现状三、未来的中瑞职业教育发展之路06��������������03������������������������24�������������44����������� FOREWORDI. Overview of the Swiss Vocational Education SystemII. The Status Quo of Vocational Education in ChinaIII. Future Path for Vocational Education in China and Switzerland03��������������������������06���������24����������44����� 20 22 FOREWORD 亲爱的读者 Dear readers Let me start with two facts: 请让我从两个事实开始说起： • For more than a decade, Switzerland has been ranked as theworld’s most innovative and competitive economy.• Switzerland has one of the lowest youth unemployment rates inEurope, even during the pandemic-hit years. • 十多年来，瑞士一直被评为“全球最具创新力和竞争力的经济体”； • 瑞 士 是 欧 洲 青 年 失 业 率 最 低 的 国 家 之 一。即 使 是 在 疫情期间，瑞士的失业率也始终处于低位。 My claim is: One of the reasons for our strong and resilient economyis – next to performing companies, excellent infrastructures or effi-cient state organization - our education system. It consists of goodpublic schools, successful vocational and professional educationsystem (VPET) and excellent universities. 在我看来，除了优秀的企业、一流的基础设施、高效的政府机构以外，教育体系是造就瑞士繁荣又有韧性的经济的第四大关键因素。出类拔萃的公立学校、富有成效的职业教育体系（VPET）和世界一流的大学院校共同组成了瑞士教育体系。 由中国瑞士商会发起的《中瑞职业教育白皮书》旨在详细描 绘 瑞 士 的 职 业 教 育 体 系。职 业 教 育 体 系 在 瑞 士 国 内 备 受 推崇。三 分 之 二 的 瑞 士 年 轻 人 在 完 成 义 务 教 育 后 都 选 择 了 学 徒制。在瑞士，技能的价值深入人心，高技能专业人才在就业市场备受追捧。我自己的四个孩子都参加了学徒课程，有几个后来选择了继续深造。 This White Book – established by Swiss Chamber China – is dedi-cated to the Swiss VPET system. This system enjoys high recogni-tion in our society. Two thirds of young people in Switzerland chooseto start an apprenticeship after their compulsory education. Thevalue of skills is well recognized, as skilled professionals are highlysought after by the labour market. Take myself as an example, all ofmy 4 children did an apprenticeship – and partly studied later. 互 融 互 通 是 瑞 士 职 业 教 育 体 系 大 获 成 功 的 关 键。学 徒 文凭不是终点，而是个人成长和职业发展的起点。瑞士的教育体系在职业学校和普通高校之间也设置了许多持续进步、相互流动的通道。 The success of our VPET system is powered by its permeability. Anapprenticeship diploma is not the end, but only the beginning ofone’ s personal and career development. The Swiss educationsystem offers abundant opportunities to progress and to transit be -tween the academic and the vocational track. 瑞 士 职 业 教 育 体 系 的 成 功 也 源 于 企 业 的 带 头 驱 动。瑞 士企业在认识到参与职业教育体系的意义后，主动当起了领军者。在 中 国 的 瑞 士 企 业 更 是 承 担 着 将 瑞 士 特 色 职 业 教 育 体 系引 入 中 国 市 场 的 重 要 使 命。这 份 白 皮 书 便 是 在 这 个 目 标 下 应运而生。 The success of our VPET system is rooted in the leading role of thecompanies. They are motivated to take the lead because they seethe value in their engagement. For Swiss companies in China, it isimportant that they bring the VPET aspect of Switzerland to the Chi-nese market as well. This White Paper serves exactly this purpose. 自从我担任瑞士驻华大使以来，中国一直在为推进劳动力培训和技能提升而大力建设职业教育体系，这令我倍感振奋。我相信中瑞在职业教育领域的合作将取得累累硕果，惠及两 国 人 民。让 我 们 以 本 白 皮 书 为 契 机，携 手 培 育 更 多 中 瑞 英才！ Since my appointment as Swiss Ambassador to China, I am glad tosee that China is taking efforts with VPET in order to train and upskillthe work force. I believe that there is a lot to benefit between our twocountries. Let’ s invest into young people! Let’ s take this White Paperas a good start! 祝您在阅读本书的过程中，尽情享受思想碰撞的火花。 白瑞谊 I wish you an interesting reading and a lot of inspiring exchanges. 瑞士驻华大使 Jürg BurriAmbassador of Switzerland to China 瑞士职业教育体系概述 Overview of the SwissVocational EducationSystem 瑞士是现今世界上最富有的发达国家之一，在世界经济论坛公布的全球竞争力报告以及世界知识产权组织公布的全球创新指数中，多年来瑞士均位居榜首。瑞士政府一直将教育与科技发展作为首要战略目标，而在其教育体系中，职业教育发挥着举足轻重的作用，该教育体系为企业输送了大量匹配市场需求的人才。根据 2021 年教育科研与创新国务秘书处（SERI）数据显示，瑞士全国共颁发 30000 个高等职业教育证书，提供了 87786 个学徒岗位，共有 240 个基础职业培训机构，年轻人失业率仅为 3.2%。 As one of the richest developed countries in the world, Switzerland has held on to the No.1 position inthe Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Global Inno-vation Index (GII) released by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) for many years. Amajor contributor to such achievements is the Swiss education system which has long been listed,together with technological progress, as the most important strategic objectives by the Swiss govern-ment, and in the Swiss education system, vocational education plays a pivotal role. The resulting highlyeducated professionals form an excellent pool for companies based in Switzerland. According to statis-tics published by the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI), 30,000 tertia-ry-level professional education qualifications have been granted in 2021. Across the country, 87,786 ap-prenticeships were available and there were 240 training institutions offering vocational education pro-grams, resulting a very low youth unemployment rate—only 3.2%. 瑞 士 职 业 教 育 体 系 全 称 为 Vocational and Professional Education and Training（VPET）。VPET 体系与就业市场高度关联，为瑞士企业每年持续稳定的输送各层次人才。VPET体系分为两个部分：高中职业教育与培训（VET）和高等专业教育。 The Swiss vocational education system, known as Vocational and Professional Ed