北京市建筑低碳高质量 发展的路径和行动 Path and Action for Low-Carbon and High-Quality Development of Buildings in Beijing 北京市可持续发展促进会 2022年7月 Beijing Association of Sustainable Development July 2022 关于作者: 章永洁 薛志峰 胥小龙 林 慧 蒋建云 张 楠 张 帆 邮箱：zyj_jie@163.com ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Zhang Yongjie, Xue Zhifeng, Xu Xiaolong, Lin Hui, Jiang Jianyun, Zhang Nan, Zhang Fan，Email: zyj_jie@163.com 致谢 本研究报告由北京市可持续发展促进会统筹编写，中科华跃能源互联网研究院和中国建筑节能协会政策规划专委会共同参与完成，由能源基金会提供资金支持。 研究报告在编制过程中得到了清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院研究部杨秀博士及团队、北京节能环保中心能源评估部柳晓雷部长及团队、北京市住建委副主任冯可梁、北京市城管委一级巡视员柴文忠等专家的大力支持和具体指导。 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report is a product of Beijing Association of Sustainable Development，with the participation of ZKHY Energy Internet Research Institute and China Association of Building Energy Efficiency, and is funded by Energy Foundation China. During the preparation process, the research report was strongly supported and specifically guided by Dr. Yang Xiu and her team from the Research Department of the Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development of Tsinghua University, Director Liu Xiaolei and his team from the Energy Assessment Department of the Beijing Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Center，Feng Keliang, deputy director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban Rural Development, and Chai Wenzhong, the first level inspector of the Beijing Municipal Urban Management Commission. 免责声明 - 若无特别声明，报告中陈述的观点仅代表作者个人意见，不代表能源基金会的观点。能源基金会不保证本报告中信息及数据的准确性，不对任何人使用本报告引起的后果承担责任。 - 凡提及某些公司、产品及服务时，并不意味着它们已为能源基金会所认可或推荐，或优于未提及的其他类似公司、产品及服务。 Disclaimer - Unless otherwise specified, the views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Energy Foundation China. Energy Foundation China does not guarantee the accuracy of the information and data included in this report and will not be responsible for any liabilities resulting from or related to using this report by any third party. - The mention of specific companies, products and services does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by Energy Foundation China in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. 摘 要 北京市依托其领先全国的经济基础、科技实力、社会氛围，在低碳绿色发展领域取得积极进展，燃煤消费大幅下降，清洁能源占比不断攀升，2020年煤炭消费占比降至1.5%，可再生能源占比提高至10.4%。但不同于许多国际大都市在其发展过程中自然实现碳减排，北京市需要在其城市“成长期”迅速转型，主动降低碳排放，实现碳中和的过程中仍面临诸多挑战。 建筑领域作为北京市占比最大的主要用能和碳排放领域，在今后十五年当中，将面临“新建规模较快增长、存量改造品质提升”的发展需求下，满足二氧化碳排放总量不能增加、能源消耗强度持续下降的低碳高质量发展挑战。 课题通过对北京市7个相关委办局的调研访谈、对房山区拱辰街道办和平谷区所有公共机构进行的现场踏勘，在数据采集和问题分析以及国内外前沿技术案例的分析整理基础上，总结得出北京市建筑领域存在实施路径尚不明确、任务安排缺乏统筹，协同机制有待构建、支撑政策缺少细则，资金来源途径单一、市场机制尚不健全，数据信息透明度低、能耗数据缺乏共享四方面的障碍。 课题结合“十四五”时期国家、北京市碳排放控制战略与行动方案，提出了面向未来北京市建筑领域绿色低碳高质量发展的目标和路径，以及“十四五”期间10项具体行动与7项保障措施建议。 10项具体任务包括： （1）政府投资新建重点项目整体实现低碳区域建设工程； （2）老旧小区公共设施更新改造工程； （3）住宅老旧外窗和低效家电置换工程； （4）绿色机关和节约型公共机构建设工程； （5）大型公建通过数字能源技术进行深度节能和电力需求侧管理； （6）校园、园区和社区等区域建筑能效提升工程； （7）农村公共建筑节能和绿色化改造工程； （8）山区农房建成近零能耗建筑工程； （9）光储直柔零碳建筑科技创新示范工程； （10）搭建智慧供热平台支撑供热系统重构工程。 根据行动方案的技术成熟度、投资成本与经济环境效益以及实施的难易度，同时综合考虑全国形势及北京的发展阶段，将10项重点工作和任务实施过程分为试点示范、规模推广和全面应用三个阶段，协同有序推进。 7项保障措施具体包括编制中长期路线图、完善扶持政策细则、创新绿色金融服务、打造数字能源共享平台、完善技术标准体系、加速科技成果转化、提高全民节能及低碳意识。 Executive Summary Relying on its leading economic foundation, scientific and technological strength, and social atmosphere, Beijing has made positive progress in the field of low-carbon and green development. Coal consumption has declined significantly, and the proportion of clean energy has been rising. In 2020, the proportion of coal consumption was 1.5%, and the proportion of renewable energy was 10.4%. However, unlike many international metropolises, which naturally achieved carbon emission reduction in their development process, Beijing needs to make rapid transformation in its "growth period", and reduce carbon emissions actively, facing many challenges in the process of achieving carbon neutrality. As the major energy consumption and carbon emission field with the largest proportion in Beijing, the building field will meet the challenges of low-carbon and high-quality development that the total carbon dioxide emissions cannot increase and the energy consumption intensity continues to decline under the development demand of "rapid growth of new construction scale and improvement of existing buildings transformation quality" in the next 15 years. Based on the investigation and interview of 7 relevant committees and offices in Beijing, the site survey of Gongchen Sub-district in Fangshan District and public institutions in Pinggu District, data collection and problem analysis, and all as well as the analysis and collation of cases with frontier technologies, conclusion is made that there are four obstacles in Beijing, the implementation path of the construction field is still unclear, the task arrangement lacks overall planning, the coordination mechanism needs to be built, and the supporting policies are lack of detailed rul