游戏人工智能行业发展报告2023：历史演变、技术革新与应用前景

2023 前言 Artificial IntelligenceVideo GameArtificial Intelligence in Video Games human-likeDota2 DeepMindOpenAI FAIR Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research•Alan Turing Institute 202211382022122022Luigi Gambardella 20221116 202321981% 2023 202346 目录 前言II 内容速览VI 02游戏人工智能发展史：电子游戏与人工智能相生相伴第 1 章 050912161.11.21.31.4 48第 3 章游戏助力人工智能：电子游戏助推产业变革，孵化通用智能 48503.13.2 6365666769704.14.24.34.44.54.6 727375755.15.25.35.4 77团队介绍 78参考文献 内容速览 Dota2 7020Deep Blue2016AlphaGo NPC 第 1 章游戏人工智能发展史：电子游戏与人工智能相生相伴 1942Isaac AsimovRunaround1950Alan TuringComputing Machinery and Intelligence[1] 1940Nimatron[2] 197120151000201520227162517NatureScience[3] 1992TD-Gammon1997Deep Blue2015AlphaGo AIChatGPTAIOpenAIIlya SutskeverCEOJensen HuangOpenAIChatGPTReinforcement Learning from Human Feedback, RLHFDota2bGPTGPTInstructGPTChatGPT[4] 1.1 205060tic-tac-toechesscheckers 1949Claude ShannonPhilosophical MagazineProgramming aComputer for Playing Chess[5][6] filtersequalizersrelay 1950Bertie the BrainJosef KatesCanadian National ExhibitionVS UTECUniversity of TorontoElectronic Computer Mark I[7][8] Christopher Strachey19515Pilot ACEArthur Samuel[9] Allen Newell20501955The Chess Machine: An Example of Dealing with a Complex Task by Adaptation[10] Herbert SimonLogic Theorist1956Dartmouth WorkshopCarnegie Mellon University1975 Checkers[11]1959Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game ofCheckers[12]rote learningmachine learningreinforcement learning[13] 1.2 207090 19797Hans BerlinerBKG 9.8Paul Magriel[14] BKG 9.8Rodney BrooksRichard Sutton 1992TD-GammonaIBMGerald TesauroIBMDavidFerrucciWatson1989Neurogammon[15] [16] 1994ChinookCanada Research Chair in Artificial IntelligenceJonathanSchaeffer Marion Tinsley1994[17]2007 Checkers Is Solved[18] Feng-hsiung HsuChipTest1988[19]IBMDeepThought20Deep Blue[20] IBM1997Garry Kasparov20 1.3 21AlphaGo 9 x 915 x 1519 x 19 1963[21]1968Albert Zobrist[22]1971Jon Ryder[23]1972Walter ReitmanBruce Wilcox[24][25][26] 2090Mark BoonGoliath[27]Paul LehnerDavid Stoutamire[28][29] 2008Guillaume ChaslotParallel Monte-Carlo Tree Search2009Monte-Carlo Tree Search and Computer Go[30][31]Monte-Carlo TreeSearchAlphaGo 2015DeepMindAlphaGoAlphaGovalue and policynetworks[32]20163AlphaGoLee SedolAlphaGoAlphaGo imperfect information game [33] Texas hold 'em AI1984Mike CaroOracJonathan Schaeffer1997Loki2015CepheusHeads-uplimit holdem poker is solved[34]2017LibratusDeepStack2019Facebook AIPluribus[35] StarCraftReal-time Strategy, RTSDota2Multiplayer Online Battle Arena, MOBA 2019DeepMindAlphaStar[36]evolutionary computation 201910DeepMind2Grandmaster level in StarCraft II using multi-agent reinforcementlearning[37] OpenAIDota22017OpenAIDota2OpenAI FiveDota2Danil Ishutina2018OpenAI Five5 VS 52019Open FiveOG2019OpenAIDota 2Dota 2 with LargeScale Deep Reinforcement LearningDota 2Dota 2[38] 1.4 Bug 第 2 章电子游戏中的人工智能：游戏将成为 AIGC 的重要应用场 [40]Artificial Intelligence Generated Content, AIGC AIGCNPC 2.1 [41][42] 81% a 123Procedural Content GenerationPCG Non-player characterNPC 2010AIGC[43][44][45] 2.2AIGC [46]80Rogue-likeRogue-liteDungeonDungeon-likeMicroProse1991CivilizationBlizzard1998Diablo AIGCAIGCTransformerSelf-supervised LearningFoundationModelLarge Language Models[47]Generative Adversarial NetworksAutoencoderDiffusion Model[48] 20222DALL-E 2ChatGPTAIGC 2.2.1 level2D3D Mario AI Level GenerationCompetitionPlatformer AI CompetitionAI Birds Level Generation Competition[49]a b [50] [51]2012Grammatical Evolution2016Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent NeuralNetworks, LSTM2016Auto-encoders20182020[52][53][54][55][56][57] Online Game Level Generation from Music[56] 1980Rogue19982011The Binding of Isaac2013Don't Starve2018Dead Cells b[58](1)top-down mansion-like2top-down cavernlike3side-scrolling Evolutionary AlgorithmGenetic AlgorithmGenetic ProgrammingAnswer SetProgrammingGenerative GrammarsCellular AutomataConstructive Approach[59][60]TransferLearning[61] Call of DutyHaloBattlefield[62] 20112Cube 2: Sauerbraten[63] UrbanFPS Generator[64] [65][66] 2.2.2 AIGC AIGC AIGC2D3D 20235The Culture AI Games and Film FestivalaSynTales of SynStable DiffusionChatGPTAIGC StableDiffusion 2DIan GoodfellowGAN[68] 2080VariationalAutoencoder[69] 2015 [70][71] Fig.30Conditional VAE 36*36text-to-image[72]256*256 Fig.32text-to-imageAlignDRAW Generating images from captions with attention 2020Denoising Diffusion ProbabilisticModelsDiffusion ModelAIGC[73] diffusion2021DiscoDiffusionAIGCa 2022-image-to-image-3DAIGCOpenAI2DALL•E2Imagen Stable Diffusion20228 Fig.33Disco Diffusion weirdwonderfulai.arta NovelAIb 2.3 BOSS GPT-3GPT-3.5 GPT-4Large Language Model, LLMChatGPT AI Dungeon 2Mount & Blade II: BannerlordInworld AIMODMODGPTNPCNPCNPC 20233UbisoftGameDevelopers Conference, GDCGhostwriterbNPCc ChatGPT a [74] [75][76] musical explorationgameFractOSCAIGC 2.3NPC NPCNPC NPCPac-ManThe SimsNPC NPCNPC[77]NPC NPCNPCNPC GPT-3NPC2021InworldUnrealRoblo