自动驾驶系统2.0：安全愿景

A Vision for Safety INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE Today, our country is on the verge of one of the most exciting and important innovations in transportation history—the development of Automated Driving Systems (ADSs), commonly referred to as automated or self-driving vehicles. The future of this new technology is so full of promise. It’s a future where vehicles increasingly help drivers avoidcrashes. It’s a future where the time spent commuting is dramatically reduced, and where millions more—includingthe elderly and people with disabilities–gain access to the freedom of the open road. And, especially important, it’s afuture where highway fatalities and injuries are significantly reduced. Since the Department of Transportation was established in 1966, there have been more than 2.2 million motor-vehicle-related fatalities in the United States. In addition, after decades of decline, motor vehicle fatalities spiked bymore than 7.2 percent in 2015, the largest single-year increase since 1966. The major factor in 94 percent of all fatalcrashes is human error. So ADSs have the potential to significantly reduce highway fatalities by addressing the rootcause of these tragic crashes. The U.S. Department of Transportation has a role to play in building and shaping this future by developing aregulatory framework that encourages, rather than hampers, the safe development, testing and deployment ofautomated vehicle technology. Secretary Elaine L. ChaoU.S. Department of Transportation Accordingly, the Department is releasingA Vision for Safetyto promote improvements in safety, mobility, andefficiency through ADSs. A Vision for Safetyreplaces the Federal Automated Vehicle Policy released in 2016. This updated policy framework offers a pathforward for the safe deployment of automated vehicles by: •Encouraging new entrants and ideas that deliver safer vehicles;•Making Department regulatory processes more nimble to help match the pace of private sector innovation; and•Supporting industry innovation and encouraging open communication with the public and with stakeholders. Thanks to a convergence of technological advances, the promise of safer automated driving systems is closer to becoming a reality.From reducing crash-related deaths and injuries, to improving access to transportation, to reducing traffic congestion and vehicleemissions, automated vehicles hold significant potential to increase productivity and improve the quality of life for millions of people.A Vision for Safetyseeks to facilitate the integration of ADS technology by helping to ensure its safe testing and deployment, as wellas encouraging the development of systems that guard against cyber-attacks and protect consumer privacy. Our goal at the Department of Transportation is to be good stewards of the future by helping to usher in this new era oftransportation innovation and safety, and ensuring that our country remains a global leader in autonomous vehicle technology. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The world is facing an unprecedented emergence of automationtechnologies. In the transportation sector, where 9 out of 10 seriousroadway crashes occur due to human behavior, automated vehicletechnologies possess the potential to save thousands of lives, as wellas reduce congestion, enhance mobility, and improve productivity.The Federal Government wants to ensure it does not impede progresswith unnecessary or unintended barriers to innovation. Safety remainsthe number one priority for the U.S. Department of Transportation(DOT) and is the specific focus of the National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministration (NHTSA). Given the developing state of the technology, thisVoluntary Guidanceprovides a flexible framework for industry to use in choosing how toaddress a given safety design element. In addition, to help supportpublic trust and confidence, theVoluntary Guidanceencourages entitiesengaged in testing and deployment to publicly disclose Voluntary SafetySelf-Assessments of their systems in order to demonstrate their variedapproaches to achieving safety. NHTSA’s mission is to save lives, prevent injuries, and reduce theeconomic costs of roadway crashes through education, research, safetystandards, and enforcement activity. As automated vehicle technologiesadvance, they have the potential to dramatically reduce the loss of lifeeach day in roadway crashes. To support industry innovators and Statesin the deployment of this technology, while informing and educating thepublic, and improving roadway safety through the safe introduction ofthe technology, NHTSA presentsAutomated Driving Systems: A Vision forSafety. It is an important part of DOT’s multimodal efforts to support thesafe introduction of automation technologies. The section also providesBest Practices for Legislatures, whichincorporates common safety-related components and significantelements regarding ADSs that States should consider incorporatingin legislation. In addition, the section providesBest Practices for State