ipv6互联网协议版本6的技术经济评估

TECHNICAL ANDECONOMIC ASSESSMENTOF INTERNET PROTOCOLVERSION 6 (IPV6) Commerce IPv6 Task Force Co-Chair Co-Chair National Telecommunications andInformation Administration National Institute of Standards andand Technology Michael D. Gallagher, Assistant Secretaryfor Communications and Information Dr. William A. Jeffrey, Director Task Force Team NTIA NIST Alfred Lee, OPAD Senior Advisor andTeam Co-Leader Gregory Tassey, Senior Economist andTeam Co-Leader Tim Sloan, Telecommunications PolicyAnalyst Doug Montgomery, Manager, Internetworking,Technologies Group Acknowledgments NTIA and NIST would like to thank the U.S. Department of Homeland Security; John M.R. Kneuer, KathySmith, Stacy Cheney, Maureen Lewis, Sandra Ryan, Randall Bloomfield, and the Office of InternationalAffairs of NTIA; Tim Grance and Sheila Frankel of NIST; and RTI International for their contributions tothis report. We would like to give special thanks to Dan Davis, B.K. Fulton, and Joseph Watson, Jr., for theircontributions while members of the Task Force team. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................i 1INTRODUCTION......................................................................................11.1The Internet Protocol and IPv6 .......................................................................................................... 21.2Current Market Activities .................................................................................................................... 41.3Department of Commerce IPv6 Task Force ...................................................................................... 7 2BENEFITS AND COSTS OF ADOPTING IPV6.............................................10 2.1Relative Benefits of IPv6 vs. IPv4 .................................................................................................... 102.2Stakeholder Costs of Adopting IPv6 ................................................................................................ 232.3International Competitiveness.......................................................................................................... 31 3SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF IPV6.........................................................36 3.1Comparing IPv6 and IPv4 ................................................................................................................ 363.2Reevaluating Existing Security Models ............................................................................................ 393.3Security in Transition........................................................................................................................ 41 4.1Interoperability Between IPv6 Hardware and Software Applications............................................... 444.2Interoperability Between IPv4 and IPv6 Hardware and Software Applications................................ 454.3International Interoperability............................................................................................................. 46 5GOVERNMENT’S ROLE IN THE EVOLUTION OF IPV6.................................48 5.1Potential Market Failures and Underinvestment in IPv6 .................................................................. 495.2Potential Roles for Government Involvement in IPv6 ...................................................................... 54 APPENDICESAppendix A. Hypothetical Case Study ..................................................................................................... A-1Appendix B. RFC Commenters, Public Meeting Panelists, Additional Participants ................................ B-1 List of Figures and Tables FIGURES Figure 2-1NAT Operating between a Private Network and the Internet .................................. 14 TABLES Overview of IPv6 Benefits………………………………………………………………. 22 Table 2-2Overview of Relative IPv6 Costs ……………………………………………………..... 24 Table 2-3Relative Costs of IPv6 Deployment by Stakeholder Group………………………… 25 Executive Summary The President’sNational Strategy to Secure Cyberspace(National Strategy) directed theSecretary of Commerce to form a task force to examine the most recent iteration of the InternetProtocol, IP version 6 (IPv6). The President charged the task force with considering a variety ofIPv6-related issues, “including the appropriate role of government, international interoperability,security in transition, and costs and benefits.” The Internet Protocol (IP) is an international communications standard that is essential to theoperation of both the public Internet and many private networks in existence today. IP provides astandardized “envelope” that carries addressing, routing, and message-handling information,thereby enabling a message to be transmitted from its source to its final destination over thevarious interconnected networks that comprise the Internet. The current generation of IP, version 4 (IPv4), has been in