卫星地球观测：发展能力与应用汇编

JULY 2026 SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATIONA COMPENDIUM OF CAPABILITIES ANDAPPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT JULY 2026 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2026 Asian Development Bank6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, PhilippinesTel +63 2 8632 4444; Fax +63 2 8636 2444www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2026. ISBN 978-92-9277-730-2 (print); 978-92-9277-731-9 (PDF); 978-92-9277-732-6 (ebook)Publication Stock No. TCS260092-2DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS260092-2 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policiesof the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for anyconsequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, ADB does notintend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. This publication is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/. By using the content of this publication, you agree to be boundby the terms of this license. For attribution, translations, adaptations, and permissions, please read the provisionsand terms of use at https://www.adb.org/terms-use#openaccess. This CC license does not apply to non-ADB copyright materials in this publication. If the material is attributedto another source, please contact the copyright owner or publisher of that source for permission to reproduce it.ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. Please contact pubsmarketing@adb.org if you have questions or comments with respect to content, or if you wishto obtain copyright permission for your intended use that does not fall within these terms, or for permission to usethe ADB logo. Corrigenda to ADB publications may be found at http://www.adb.org/publications/corrigenda. Notes: In this publication, “CNY” refers to the yuan, “€” refers to the euro, “¥” refers to the Japanese yen, and “$” refers toUnited States dollars.ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea, and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam.Effective 1 February 2021, ADB placed a temporary hold on sovereign project disbursements and new contracts inMyanmar. Cover design by Francis Manio. On the cover: Main photo: Copernicus Sentinel 1 satellite useful for conducting field studies to better understand andsupport development projects (photo by ESA/EU). Background photos: (i) city skyline, (ii) people doing research in theforest, and (iii) wind turbines (photos by ADB). CONTENTS TABLES, FIGURES, AND MAPSFOREWORDABOUT THE AUTHORSACKNOWLEDGMENTSABBREVIATIONSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ivixxxixiixiv 1INTRODUCTION 2OVERVIEW OF THE SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION 2.1 Institutional and Government Sector52.2 Private Industrial Sector342.3 NewSpace Sector372.4 Data Access and Processing402.5 International Initiatives602.6Current Overall Earth Observation Market Estimates and Growth Forecasts622.7Benefits of Using Satellite Earth Observation Information662.8Future Trends in the Earth Observation and Geospatial Information Landscape71 3USE CASES OF SATELLITE EARTH OBSERVATION76IN ADB DEVELOPMENT OPERATIONS Earth Observation Use Cases in the Context of ADB Operations763.1Earth Observation Use Case 1: Basic Land Surface Type (Cover) Mapping and Monitoring773.2Earth Observation Use Case 2: Disaster Risk Management and Disaster Risk Reduction863.3Earth Observation Use Case 3: Climate Resilience and Proofing1023.4Earth Observation Use Case 4: Coastal Zone Management1113.5Earth Observation Use Case 5: Forest Monitoring and Management1223.6Earth Observation Use Case 6: Greenhouse Gases Mapping and Monitoring130(CO2, CH4, N2O)3.7Earth Observation for Development Monitoring: A Use Case on the Urban Environment141 4CONCLUSIONS TABLES, FIGURES, AND MAPS TABLES 1Ten Rules to Increase the Societal Value of Satellite Earth Observations412European Earth Observation Services Industry Market Shares56for the Analytics Market Segments, 20193Copernicus Services Content Description584An Example of Indicators for a Monetized Earth Observation Benefit68(the Economic Domain)5An Example of Indicators for a Non-monetized Earth Observation Benefit69(the Regulatory Domain)6Main Earth Observation Demand and Supply Trends, 2022–202372 FIGURES 1Evolution in Time of Commercial Satellites in Operation42Six Copernicus Services83Philippine Space Agency Key Development Areas274Examples of Earth Observation Companies Organized Based on Their Primary Functio