人工智能驱动犯罪的兴起

The Rise ofAI-Enabled CrimeExploring the evolution, risks, and responses to AI-powered criminal enterprises The rise of AI-enabled crime QUICK LINKS AI enables criminalgrowth by removing Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous industries, enhancingproductivity and innovation at an unprecedented speed. From increasingaccess to healthcare, to climate modeling that helps mitigate the impact of Law enforcement,policymakers, andnational security However, this same transformative technology is also being leveraged forcriminal purposes, posing significant threats to global security and societalstability. Malign actors are increasingly leveraging AI to carry out hacks andconduct fraud, creating deepfakes for extortion and to spread misinformation, The future relies onusing AI to fight AI crime This report explores the stages of maturity in AI-enabled crimes — horizon,emerging, and mature — illustrating how AI is amplifying criminal capabilitiesby removing traditional human bottlenecks. We’ll look at real-world examplesand documented cases of AI in criminal activity, and examine the severity of QUICK LINKS CHAPTER 1 AI enables criminal growth byremoving human bottlenecks Introduction AI enables criminalgrowth by removing Law enforcement,policymakers, andnational security Artificial intelligence has swept through the business world, transformingindustries and rewriting the rules of efficiency and scale. Companies haveadopted AI in phases — starting with off-the-shelf tools like ChatGPT to assistwith tasks such as drafting responses, translating documents, or summarizing Preventing andmitigating AI-enabled But these advances are not limited to the licit world. Around the world, criminalenterprises are racing to harness AI’s potential in much the same way. Atfirst, these organizations turned to AI to aid their human-led criminal efforts,translating phishing scripts into multiple languages or scanning vast codebases The future relies onusing AI to fight AI crime The next frontier for criminals is autonomy. Just as corporations strive toautomate tasks, cybercriminals can develop AI agents capable of operatingcompletely independently. These agents could identify and exploit This evolution doesn’t just change the scale of criminal operations, itfundamentally reshapes them — making them faster, more efficient, and Cybercriminals are leveraging AI in new ways Cybercriminals, scammers, and nation-state actors are increasingly leveragingAI to amplify their malicious activities. Some of the major ways applications they Automation of attacks AI-powered tools enable the automation of phishing campaigns, creating highlyconvincing messages at scale. AI also allows malware to adapt dynamically to In March 2024, the US Treasury Department published a report on the currentstate of artificial intelligence related to cybersecurity and fraud risks in financialservices. The report, which synthesizes interviews with 42 financial institutions,specifically calls out the use of Generative AI by existing threat actors to QUICK LINKS AI enables criminalgrowth by removing Law enforcement,policymakers, andnational security Deepfakes and synthetic media Criminals employ deepfake technology to impersonate executives or publicfigures, and AI-generated images and voices that make scams harder todetect — enabling them to facilitate high-value fraud such as business email In November 2024, US Treasury’s FinCEN released its “Alert on Fraud SchemesInvolving Deepfake Media Targeting Financial Institutions,” highlighting an“increase in suspicious activity reporting by financial institutions describing thesuspected use of deepfake media in fraud schemes targeting their institutions The future relies onusing AI to fight AI crime Additionally, AI is used by fraudsters to enhance abilities to create syntheticidentities — that is, the creation of fake identities using a composite of personal For more on Treasury’s 2024 “AI Cyber and Fraud Risk for FinancialInstitutions," listen to TRM Talks with primary author Todd Conklin, USTreasury Deputy Assistant Secretary of Cyber and Chief AI Officer. Enhanced cyberattacks AI algorithms optimize ransomware operations by identifying the most criticaldata or systems to encrypt for maximum leverage. Nation-state actors are alsousing AI for advanced cyber-espionage, bypassing traditional security measures. QUICK LINKS CHAPTER 2 Law enforcement, policymakers,and national security agencies AI enables criminalgrowth by removing Law enforcement,policymakers, andnational security To effectively counter the accelerating threat of AI-enabled crime, law enforcement,policymakers, and national security professionals need frameworks to closely track The future relies onusing AI to fight AI crime At TRM, we classify AI adoption into three tiers to help stakeholders prioritizetheir responses and resources effectively. •Horizon:Significant AI use is possible and "on the horizo