美国需要汽车产业战略

STEPHEN EZELL AND MEGHAN OSTERTAG|MAY 2026 U.S. automotive competitiveness has severely faltered. The federal government needs acomprehensive national strategy to revitalize the industry’s competitiveness, especially in the KEY TAKEAWAYS The motor vehicle industry is a key industry enabling American national economic power, However, as a share of GDP, China’s auto industry is 2.6 times larger than America’s, The United States needs both a coherent, analytically based strategy and a set of policiesto spur innovation and production in the sector. This report lays out policy proposals in five areas: cost reduction, product development,strengthened “external economies” and industry supports, increased market scale, and Some of these changes can be made without significant fiscal impact. But an effective policy will require significant direct and tax expenditures to supportindustry R&D in both product and process development and adoption. Congress should also ban both Chinese motor vehicle imports and Chinee vehicle CONTENTS Key Takeaways ................................................................................................................. 1Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 4Key Issues for Consideration .............................................................................................. 4Is the Industry Important? .............................................................................................. 4Do We Need a Strategy? ................................................................................................. 5How Focused Should the Strategy Be? ............................................................................. 6Institutional Capacities...................................................................................................... 7Cost Reduction................................................................................................................. 9Generic Policies ............................................................................................................ 9Currency ................................................................................................................. 10Productivity Improvement.......................................................................................... 10Industry-Specific Policies ............................................................................................. 11Product Regulation................................................................................................... 11Sales Regulation ...................................................................................................... 12Technical Assistance to SMM Auto Suppliers............................................................... 13Supporting SMM Integration and Digitalization Activities .............................................. 13Product Development ...................................................................................................... 14Generic Policies .......................................................................................................... 14Increase Incentives for R&D Investment...................................................................... 14Industry-Focused Workforce Training .......................................................................... 14 Sector-Specific Policies................................................................................................ 20Ban Chinese Motor Vehicle Imports and U.S. Production .............................................. 20USMCA ...................................................................................................................... 22Mexico .................................................................................................................... 22Canada ................................................................................................................... 24Tariffs ..................................................................................................................... 25Domestic Market Integration...................................................................................... 25 INTRODUCTION The competitiveness of the U.S. auto industry—American and foreign manufacturers andsuppliers producing domestically—has faltered in recent years, as Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF) reports have documented.1America’s share of global automobileproduction fell from 46 percent in 1965 to 20 percent in 1990 to just 14.7 percent today. TheBig Three—Chrysler, Ford, and GM—automakers’ share of the U.S. auto market has fallen from92 percent in 1965 to 38 percent today. From 1963 to 2023, the accumulated U.S. motorvehicles trade deficit reached $3.3 trillion in 2023 dollars. And the United States’ location Awareness of the compet