制定企业破产指标

Varun Eknath*T he Business Insolvency indicators of the Business Ready project provide a more balanced andnuanced view than the approach to measuring insolvency taken by the discontinued DoingBusiness project.Findings from Business Ready 2025 reveal key disparities in performance acrossand within economy income levels. While higher-income economies tend to score better, notableexceptions demonstrate that strong regulatory frameworks and institutional frameworks can enhance thebusiness insolvency environments regardless of income. The data also highlight a widespread "public servicesgap," where weak institutional and operational infrastructure for insolvency proceedings fails to leverageotherwise relatively stronger regulatory frameworks. Moreover, the ease with which firms can comply withregulations and use public services lag behind regulatory strength—resulting in an “efficiency gap.”Public Disclosure Authorized The performance of the insolvency system depends not only onthe quality of the legal framework but also on the institutions andoperational systems that apply it. For this reason, the B-READYBusiness Insolvency topic (BR-BI) evaluates economies across threepillars:the Quality of Regulations for Judicial InsolvencyProceedings (Pillar I), the Quality of Institutional and OperationalInfrastructure for Judicial Insolvency Proceedings (Pillar II), and theOperational Efficiency of Resolving Judicial Insolvency Proceedings(Pillar III). This structure ensures that both de jure rules (on paper)and de facto implementation (in practice) are assessed. Strong insolvency frameworks are essential forprivatesector development and sustainablegrowth. An efficient insolvency regime enables nonviable firms to exitrapidly, freeing assets and market space for more productiveenterprises.Research shows that efficient insolvency systemsenhance the creation of new firms, expand the size of the privatesector, and foster entrepreneurial activity (Carcea et al. 2015;Cirmizi et al. 2012; El Ghoul et al. 2021; Lee et al. 2011).Moreover, by enabling viable firms to restructure rather thanliquidate, such systems preserve employment, protect economicstability, and contribute to the creation of more and better jobs(World Bank 2025b).Public Disclosure Authorized The evolution of the Business Insolvency topic:From Doing Business to Business Ready The World Bank Group's approach to measuring the efficiencyand quality of insolvency systems has undergone a significanttransformation, evolving from the "Resolving Insolvency" (DB-RI)indicators in the discontinued Doing Business report to the new"Business Insolvency" topic in the Business Ready (B-READY)project. This evolution addresses key shortcomings in the oldmethodology and creates a more comprehensive, balanced, andnuanced framework that better reflects the complexities of moderninsolvency systems. Insolvency regimes influence how resources, credit, and talentflow through the economy. They can act as a catalyst for growth bypreventing and resolving financial distress in ways that reallocateresourcesproductively(Gurrea-Martinez 2025).This balancesupports competition, stimulates entrepreneurship, and attractsinvestment by reducing uncertainty for both creditors and debtors.Evidence shows that restructuring mechanisms that function wellallow viable firms to continue operations, safeguard employment,and support wage stability, while the orderly exit of failing firmsreallocates labor to more productive uses (World Bank 2025b).Countries with effective insolvency laws experience higher rates offirm entry and survival, greater labor productivity, and moredynamic labor markets (World Bank 2024). Well-functioningcreditor–debtorregimes also mitigate non-performing loans,strengthen financial stability, and help economies recover morequickly from downturns (World Bank 2019; World Bank 2021a).Public Disclosure Authorized The DB-RI indicators benchmark the efficiency of insolvencyproceedings across economies and provide a simple, quantifiableframework for comparing bankruptcy procedures. The data forthese indicators were gathered from questionnaires completed bylocal insolvency practitioners and verified by studying relevantlaws,regulations,and public information on the insolvencysystems.The overall score,which determined an economy's Doing BusinessResolving Insolvency indicators–Recovery rate as a function of the time, cost,and outcome of insolvency proceedings Figure 1 Second, the new BR-BI approach is structured around threedistinct pillars that capture both the de jure rules and the de factoimplementation. Table 1 details this new structure, breaking downthe Business Insolvency topic into three main pillars and theirrespective categories and subcategories: performance, was a simple average of two main components: therecovery rate and the strength of insolvency framework index. The recovery rate was calculated using a standardized case studyto measure the time, cost, and outcome of an