1974-2025年油气行业百大损失

Contents Risk engineering insights Foreword I am delighted to write the foreword forthe 29th Edition of the Marsh100 largestlossesreport, an excellent compilation oflessons learned and an invaluable resourcethat, ideally, would never need updatingdue to the absence of new incidents.Unfortunately, that is not yet the case. We live in a rapidly changing world.The adoption and deployment oftechnologies vary widely: in someareas we still work with long-established technologies, while inothers the pace of innovation hasbeen remarkable. Digitalizationand related technologies aretransforming the chemicaland process industry. Digitaltransformation is pervasive andpresents tremendous opportunities,but it also brings new challenges.Artificial intelligence, automationand predictive maintenance are nowcentral to monitoring processes, Learning from past accidentsand reflecting on our actions andattitudes is crucial in buildingsafer, more sustainable industrialpractices and operations. Safety isat the core of chemical engineeringand guides and informs everyaspect of our work. While wehave made significant progress,much remains to be done. Safetyis not only a culture but also anongoing journey. By analyzingpast incidents, we can betteranticipate potential risks and takeproactive steps toprevent them. equipment, and safety moreeffectively. While these innovationsare promising, they require us tothink carefully about how they cangenuinely advance safety cultureand practice. We must remainaware of emerging hazards as newtechnologies and new materialscan create unforeseen safetyrisks. This is why it is imperativethat we keep up with proactivesafety planning and training. innovation is responsible and thatsafety remains fully integrated intoour ethical culture and behavior. In such a challenging andmultifaceted environment, the roleof industry leaders, operators, andeducators in promoting proactiveand anticipatory safety is moreimportant than ever. Our approachto safety must be systemic,recognizing that hazards cannotbe viewed in isolation. Engineersexcel at systems thinking, andthis mindset might guide howwe lead and advance safety. Thisincludes how we develop, nurture,and update skills; how we applyknowledge; and how we revise ourpractices. All of these elementsare central to engineering a saferand more sustainable future. The Institution of ChemicalEngineers (IChemE) remainsstrongly committed to safety. TheIChemE Safety Centre continuesits activities, building on thesolid foundations laid since itsestablishment in 2014. The Centreis dedicated to facilitating theexchange of knowledge andexperience to elevate standards inprocess safety. The promotion of theProfessional Process Safety Engineer(PPSE) qualification is also central toIChemE’s mission to foster safer andmore sustainable industrial practice. Industry must remain committedto hiring and retaining talent witha broad range of experiences,which is fundamental to buildingstrong operational competence. Avariety of perspectives encouragesdifferent ways of thinking, therebyavoiding a “house style” that goesunchallenged and can result indangerous oversights. This alsoties into our broader collectiveresponsibility to ensure that Raffaella Ocone OBE FREng FRSE President, Institution of ChemicalEngineers (IChemE)Professor of Chemical Engineering,Heriot-Watt University Welcome to the 29th edition ofthe Marsh100 largest losses inthe hydrocarbon industry (100LL)report. This biennial publicationprovides insights about 100 largestproperty damage losses withinthe hydrocarbon extraction,transportation, and processingsectors from 1974 through 2025. Natali Walton Chacin,Energy &Power, Marsh Jenni Morrison,Energy &Power, Marsh In this report, we explore the mostsignificant incidents in the energyindustry, drawing valuable insightsand lessons from these majorevents. By analyzing key issuesand emerging trends associatedwith these large losses, we aim toillustrate the industry’s progress inenhancing operational practices andstrengthening riskmanagement. While this publication focuses on propertydamage, debris removal, and clean-up costs,the loss figures it presents exclude costs relatedto business interruption, extra expenses,workforce injuries or fatalities, and liabilityclaims. Furthermore, losses during projectconstruction and marine transportationlosses, except those involving marine vesselsmoored at plant docks, are not included. This report reflects on the past two years (2024-2025), highlighting significant events and theirimpact on the industry (page 9). It includesan analysis of the 100 largest losses withvaluable insights into the underlying factorsdriving these major incidents (page 36). Thereport addresses emerging challenges relatedto firefighting foam, including risks, evolvingregulations, and mitigation strategies (page21). It also delves into the complexities of theclaims process (page 26) and offers an updateon Marsh tools used to enhance capabilities fore