A Note About Non-GAAP Financial Measures We present certain measures of our performance that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in theUnitedStatesofAmerica(GAAP).Non-GAAPnancialmeasuresexcludeorincludeamountsthatarenotnormallyexcludedorincludedinthemostdirectlycomparablemeasurecalculatedandpresentedinaccordancewithGAAP.Non-GAAPnancialmeasuresshouldnotbeviewedassubstitutesforthemostdirectlycomparablenancialmeasurescalculatedinaccordancewithGAAP.ThisAnnualReportreferstothefollowingnon-GAAPnancialmeasures,whichwebelievearebetterperformancemeasuresandbetterindicatorsoftherevenueandprotabilityandunderlying trends in our business: •After-taxadjustedoperatingincomeorloss,whichwedeneasnetincomeadjustedtoexcludeafter-taxinvestmentgainsorlosses,certainimpactsfromreinsurancetransactions,andreserveassumptionupdates,aswellascertainotheritems,asapplicable,whicharediscussedunder“ExecutiveSummary”inPartII,Item7ofour2025AnnualReportonForm10-K; •Adjustedoperatingreturnonequity,whichiscalculatedusingafter-taxadjustedoperatingincomeorlossandexcludesfromequitytheunrealizedgainorlossonsecurities,theeectofchangeindiscountrateassumptionsontheliabilityforfuturepolicybenets,andnetgainorlossonderivatives; •Bookvaluepershare,whichiscalculatedexcludingaccumulatedothercomprehensiveincome(loss)(AOCI);and •Leverageratio,whichexcludestheunrealizedgainorlossonsecurities,theeectofchangeindiscountrateassumptionsontheliabilityforfuturepolicybenets,andnetgainorlossonderivatives. Investmentgainsorlossesprimarilyincluderealizedinvestmentgainsorlosses,expectedinvestmentcreditlosses,andgainsorlossesonderivatives.Investmentgainsorlossesandunrealizedgainsorlossesonsecuritiesdependonmarketconditionsanddonotnecessarilyrelatetodecisionsregardingtheunderlyingbusinessofourcompany.LeverageratioandbookvaluepercommonshareexcludingcertaincomponentsofAOCI,certainofwhichtendtoΌuctuatedependingonmarketconditionsandgeneraleconomictrends,are important measures. Attimes,weutilizereinsurancetransactionstomanageriskrelatedtocertainportionsofourbusinessincludingtheexitofportionsofourClosedBlockbusinesses.Asaresult,weexcludetheamortizationofthecostofreinsuranceandtheamortizationofthedeferredgainonreinsurancethatarerecognizedaftertheclosingofthesetransactions.Wealsoexcludetheimpactofnon-contemporaneousreinsuranceforthesetransactions.Whilethetotalequityimpactofnon-contemporaneousreinsuranceisneutral,thedierenceinoriginaldiscountratesutilizedfordirectandcededreservesresultsinadisproportionateearningsimpact.Webelievethattheexclusionoftheseitemsprovidesabetterviewofourresultsfromourongoingbusinesses.CashΌowassumptionsusedtocalculateourliabilityforfuturepolicybenetsarereviewedatleastannuallyandupdated,asneeded,withtheresultingimpactreΌectedinnetincome.Whiletheeectsoftheseassumptionupdatesarerecordedinthereportingperiodinwhichthereviewiscompleted,theseupdatesreΌectexperienceemergenceandchangestoexpectationsspanningmultipleperiods.Webelievethatbyexcludingtheimpactofreserveassumptionupdatesweareprovidingamorecomparableandconsistentviewofourresults. Wemayatothertimesexcludecertainotheritemsfromourdiscussionofnancialratiosandmetricsinordertoenhancetheunderstandingandcomparabilityofouroperationalperformanceandtheunderlyingfundamentals,butthisexclusionisnotanindicationthatsimilaritemsmaynotrecuranddoesnotreplacethecomparableGAAPnancialmeasuresinthedeterminationofoverallprotability. Net Income *Assuming Dilution OUR PURPOSE Helping the working world thrivethroughout life’s moments.® AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS We have been recognized by several independent organizationsfor our commitment to workplace excellence. A LETTER FROM OURPresident & CEO,RickMcKenney To our shareholders, customers and colleagues: Since 1848, Unum Group has been a trusted partner for businesses and peopleduringtheirworkinglifetime.Thiscommitmenttoservingothersshapeseverydecisionandchartsourpathforward. Atourcoreisasteadfastpurposeofhelpingtheworkingworldthrivethroughoutlife’smoments.Guidedbythispromise,themorethan$8billioninbenetswepaidlastyearprovidedessentialnancialprotectionforhardworkingpeopleandtheirfamilieswhentheyneededitmost.Morethan178,000employersrelyonourbenetsexpertisetoattracttoptalentandmeettheevolvingneedsoftoday’sworkplace.Wetakeprideinmakingmeaningfulconnectionswithe