2025年全球气候状况报告

WMO-No. 1391 © World Meteorological Organization, 2026 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO.Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the completesource is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce or translate thispublication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications BoardWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO)7 bis, avenue de la PaixP.O. Box 2300CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03Email: publications@wmo.int ISBN 978-92-63-11391-7https://doi.org/10.59327/WMO/S/CRI/SOC1 The designations employed and the presentation of material herein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of theSecretariats of WMO or the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory, or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its borders. The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data on maps and in lists, tables, documentsand databases herein are not warranted to be error-free and do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by WMO or the United Nations. Contents We need your feedback This year, the WMO team has launched a processto gather feedback on the State of the Climatereports and areas for improvement. Once youhave finished reading the publication, we ask thatyou kindly give us your feedback by responding tothisshort survey. Your input is highly appreciated. Atmospheric carbon dioxide6Global mean near-surface temperature8Ocean heat content10Global mean sea level12Ocean pH14Glacier mass balance16Sea-ice extent18Earth’s energy imbalance20 Climate drivers El Niño–Southern Oscillation22Indian Ocean Dipole23Global patterns of temperature and precipitation24High-impact weather and climate events26Case study: Climate and heat impacts on health28Datasets and methods30Contributors39Endnotes41 Scope About the report Who this report is for TheState of the Global Climateis an annual WMO flagship report. It providesauthoritative information on the state of the climate system by updating key observedclimate indicators and presenting selected high-impact weather and climate events.It complements the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) andother institutions by delivering a timely, consolidated global assessment of the year’sclimate conditions. The report is produced by WMO in collaboration with NationalMeteorological and Hydrological Services, international data centres, leading climateresearch institutions and United Nations partners. •National Hydrological and Meteorological Services, to provide global contextto regional and national climate information.•Policymakers, to inform global, regional and national climate decisions.•Scientists and technical experts, as a reference for climate data and trendsof key climate indicators.•Media and educators, for an accurate and accessible synthesis of climate information.•General public and youth, to better understand how the climate is changing. Other relevant WMO reports What the report covers •RegionalState of the ClimatereportsforAfrica,Asia,Latin America and the Caribbean,South-West PacificandEurope (with the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S))provide more detailed regional analyses of key climate indicators alongside impactand risk information.•TheState of Global Water Resourcesis a comprehensive quantitative overview ofglobal water resources, with a focus on hydrological variability and trends.•TheWMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletinis an update of the status of key greenhouse gasesin the atmosphere.•WMOEl Niño/La Niña Updatesare regular reports on the state and forecasts forthe El Niño Southern Oscillation. •Key observed global climate indicators:global temperature,greenhouse gases,ocean heat,sea level,ocean pH,sea-ice extent,glacier mass balanceand introducing a new indicator onEarth’s energy imbalance.•High-impact weather and climate events of 2025:heat and cold extremes,floods,droughts,tropical cyclones.•Case study:climate and heat impacts on health.•Data sources and methods:detailed information about the data sources andprocessing. What the report does not cover How to cite •It does not provide climate projections or forecasts.•It does not provide in-depth scientific discussion.•It does not provide extensive regional or national detail.•It does not prescribe policy actions or mitigation pathways. World Meteorological Organization (WMO).State of the Global Climate 2025.(WMO-No. 1342). Geneva, 2026. ISBN: 978-92-63-11299-7.https://doiorg/1059327/WMO/S/CRI/SOC1 Summary The temperature of the Earth changes in response to the rate at which energy enters andleaves the Earth system. Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmospheresuch ascarbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, all of which reached their highestlevel in 800 000 years in 2024 (the la