在习惯与健康之间架起桥梁：对植物基肉类和奶类替代品营养价值的调查
This document has been translated using a machine translation system and is providedforreference purposes only.Machine translations may contain inaccuracies orambiguities, and any reliance on the translated text is at the user’s own risk. In the eventof any inconsistency or conflict between the translated version and the original, theoriginal language version shall prevail. BUILDING BRIDGES BETWEENHABIT AND HEALTH 在习惯与健康之间架起桥梁 对植物基肉类和奶类替代品营养价值的调查 An investigation into the nutritional value of plant-basedmeat and milk alternatives INDEX 索引 List of abbreviations3About this document4Executive summary5Key findings7Key recommendations91.Introduction102.Methodology143. Nutritional profile of plant-based meat alternatives17Protein21Fibre23Saturated fatty acids25Case study: bacon27Key micronutrients29Salt and added sugar304. Nutritional profile of plant-based milk alternatives33Protein35Case study: soya milk36Saturated fatty acids38Key micronutrients39Salt and added sugar415. Lessons from the Netherlands446. Recommendations46Producers47Retailers48Governments50Consumers and consumer organisations51Science and research527. Conclusions53Detailed Methodology55Score design for product evaluation60Limitations of the study61Literature63 缩略语表3关于本文件4执行摘要5主要发现7主要建议91.引言102.方法论143.植物基肉类替代品的营养概况17蛋白质21纤维23饱和脂肪酸25案例研究：培根27关键微量营养素29盐和添加糖304.植物基乳制品替代品的营养概况33蛋白质35案例研究：豆奶36饱和脂肪酸38关键微量营养素39盐和添加糖415.来自荷兰的经验教训446.建议46生产商47零售商48政府50消费者与消费者组织51科学与研究527.结论53详细方法论55用于产品评估的评分设计60研究的局限性61参考文献63 缩略语表 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 关于本文件 ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT 本报告由ProVegInternational,出版，ProVegInternational是一家致力于改变全球食品体系的食品意识组织。我们的使命是到2040年将全球动物性产品的使用替换50%，以植物基和培养食品取而代之。 This report is a publication ofProVeg International,a food awareness organisation working totransform the global food system. Our mission is to replace 50% of animal products, globally, withplant-based and cultivated foods by 2040. ProVeg曾获得联合国“变革动力”奖，并与联合国食品与环境关键机构密切合作。我们在UNFCCC和IPCC拥有观察员身份，在ECOSOC拥有特别顾问资格，并获得UNEA认证。 ProVeg has received the United Nations’ Momentum for Change Award and works closely withkey UN food and environment agencies. We have observer status with the UNFCCC and the IPCC,special consultative status with ECOSOC, and are accredited by UNEA. AUTHORS 作者 ValentinaGallani，理学硕士健康与营养经理，ProVegInternationalAnna‑LenaKlapp，理学硕士研究负责人，ProVegInternational Valentina Gallani, M.Sc. Health & Nutrition Manager, ProVeg InternationalAnna-Lena Klapp, M.Sc. Head of Research, ProVeg International 我们感谢以下人员在本报告起草过程中分享他们的时间、专业知识和细致审阅： We would like to thank the following people for sharing their time, expertise, and thoughtfulreview during the drafting of this report: SarahE.NájeraEspinosa，博士ArmandoPerez‑Cueto,PhD,教授RobertaAlessandrini,PhDJoannaTrewern,PhDDanielBraune,M.Sc.DirkLiebenberg,M.Sc.MartinevanHaperen,PhDJoshBisig,M.Sc.LuciaHortelano,LLMGemmaTadman,BA Sarah E. Nájera Espinosa, PhDArmando Perez-Cueto, PhD, ProfessorRoberta Alessandrini, PhDJoanna Trewern, PhDDaniel Braune, M.Sc.Dirk Liebenberg, M.Sc.Martine van Haperen, PhDJosh Bisig, M.Sc.Lucia Hortelano, LLMGemma Tadman, BA 艺术指导：LauraBermúdez Art direction:Laura Bermúdez Design:Sara Clemm 设计：SaraClemm 文字校对：PeterMachen Copy editing:Peter Machen 营养学家和气候专家正在警告高收入和中等收入国家中以动物性食物为主的消费水平所带来的后果。1因此，越来越建议转向以植物为主的饮食模式。如果持续遵循，这样的饮食既能降低许多生活方式相关疾病的风险，同时也有助于应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失。 Nutritionists and climate experts are warning of theconsequences of high levels of animal-based foodconsumption in high- and middle-income countries.1As a result, a shift towards more plant-rich eatingpatterns is increasingly recommended. If followedconsistently, such a diet can reduce the risk of manylifestyle diseases and, at the same time, help tocombat climate change and biodiversity loss. 一般来说，以植物为主的饮食应优先选择全食物，包括大量的水果和蔬菜、谷物、豆类、坚果和种子。然而，从以肉类和乳制品为中心的饮食过渡到以植物为主的饮食，可以通过提供与动物性食品在口感和质地上相似的植物“替代品”或“产品”来简化。例如，这些可以包括植物性牛奶替代品如豆奶，或植物性肉类替代品如豌豆汉堡。这些替代品的便利性已被证明有助于促进行为改变过程。2 我们对在四大洲11个国家的本地超市中可获得的基于植物的替代品进行了国际营养评估：比利时、捷克、德国、意大利、马来西亚、荷兰、波兰、南非、西班牙、英国和美国。使用基于国际公认营养指南的评分系统——WHONutrientsProfilemodel(NPM),3theNetherlandsNutritionCentre,4andtheEFSAnutrition‑claimlegislation‑5——我们评估了422种基于植物的肉类替代品和251种基于植物的牛奶替代品的营养价值，并将它们与相应的动物来源产品进行了比较。 Ingeneral,plant-rich diets should prioritisewhole foods, including plenty of fruit and veg-etables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. How-ever, transitioning from a meat-and-dairy-centreddiet to a plant-centric one can be made easierby the availability of plant-based ‘alternatives’ or‘products’ that have a similar taste and texture totheir animal-based counterparts. These can in-clude, for example, plant-based milk alternativessuch as soya milk, or plant-based meat alterna-tives such as pea burgers. The convenience ofthese alternatives has been shown to facilitate thebehaviour-change process.2 parts, we conducted an international nutritionalassessment of plant-based alternatives availablein local supermarket
