在肯尼亚整合可变可再生能源（英）2026

Integrating VariableRenewable Energyin Kenya Key challenges and strategic priorities INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: ArgentinaChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraineViet Nam AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits This study was prepared by the Electricity Systems and Markets (ESM) Divisionin the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security (EMS). The study was led andco-ordinated by GraceHenry, Energy Analyst – Electricity. The main authors of this study are (in alphabetical order) NoéAussant, GyuriCho,GraceHenry and JinilKim.Key contributions were from SyrineElAbed andIsaacPortugal. Hyejeong Lee provided essential support. Justin French Brooks carried editorial responsibility. Keisuke Sadamori, Director of the Energy Markets and Security Directorateprovidedvaluable feedback and overall guidance.Valuable comments andfeedback were provided by other senior management within the IEA. In particular,PabloHevia-Koch, AliSaffar and MaríaSicilia. Thanks go to the IEA’s Communications and Digital Office for their help inproducing the report and website materials, particularly to Jethro Mullen, andAstrid Dumond, Wonjik Yang, Liv Gaunt, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin and PoeliBojorquez provided essential support to the production process. The IEA would like to thank the Kenya Ministry of Energy and Petroleum and theEnergy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) for their support throughoutthis study, particularly, Eng. IsaacKiva, Eng. Kihara Mungai and Daniel Kiptoowho provided essential guidance and co-ordination. The report was informed by insights gathered during a workshop on “Kenya'spower system needs” held in Nairobi on 22 October 2025. The IEA would like tothank the government officials and experts who participated in this workshop andprovided essential input for this report. Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5Context .................................................................................................................................... 7Open access ......................................................................................................................... 10Flexibility and storage needs ................................................................................................ 14Ancillary services .................................................................................................................. 18Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 22Abbreviations and acronyms................................................................................................. 24 Introduction Kenya operates a power system based onrenewable energy, with growing electricityaccess Kenya is a leader in expanding electricity access among East African countries,increasing the rate from 37% in 2013 to 79% in 2025. The country is on track toachieve universal access by 2030, and urban electrification has already reached100%. Kenya has set an ambitious target in itsVision 2030of becoming a newlyindustrialising middle-income country with a high quality of life by 2030. A strongemphasis is put on infrastructure development, especially in power grids andelectricity generation. Kenya has made significant progress in utilising its renewable energy resourcesfor power generation, with nearly 90% of its electricity mix derived from renewableenergy sources. The country has over 3.5 GW of installed generation capacity,which is dominated by renewable energy sources. In 2025, geothermal accountedfor 26% of capacity, followed by hydro (24%), solar (12%) and wind (12%), withthermal generation making up the remaining 26%.The addition of approximately750 MW of geothermal capacity over the past decade, together