1975年以来的燃油经济性与技术：EPA汽车趋势报告2025

EPA AutomotiveTrends Report Fuel Economy and Technology since 1975 This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions, positions, or validation ofcompliance data reported to EPA by manufacturers. It is intended to present technical analysis of issuesusing data that are currently available and that may be subject to change. Historic data have beenadjusted, when appropriate, to reflect the result of compliance investigations by EPA or any othercorrections necessary to maintain data integrity. The purpose of the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and toinform the public of technical developments. This edition of the report supersedes all previous versions. Table of Contents A.What’s New This Year..............................................................................................................................1B.Manufacturers in this Report.................................................................................................................2C.Fuel Economy Metrics in this Report ....................................................................................................3D.Other Sources of Data ............................................................................................................................4 A.Overall Fuel Economy Trends ................................................................................................................5B.Production Trends...................................................................................................................................8C.Manufacturer Fuel Economy .............................................................................................................. 10 A.Vehicle Class and Type......................................................................................................................... 15B.Vehicle Weight ...................................................................................................................................... 22C.Vehicle Power........................................................................................................................................ 28D.Vehicle Footprint .................................................................................................................................. 34E.Vehicle Type and Attribute Tradeoffs ................................................................................................ 39 A.Vehicle Propulsion................................................................................................................................ 52B.Vehicle Drivetrain ................................................................................................................................. 75C.Technology Adoption and Comparison............................................................................................. 81 Table of Figures Figure 2.1. Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy ...........................................................................................5Figure 2.2. Trends in Fuel Economy Since Model Year 1975 ........................................................................7Figure 2.3. Distribution of New Vehicle Fuel Economy by Model Year .......................................................8Figure 2.4. New Vehicle Production by Model Year.......................................................................................9Figure 2.5. Changes in Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy by Manufacturer.......................................11Figure 3.1. Regulatory Classes and Vehicle Types Used in This Report ....................................................16Figure 3.2. Production Share and Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy ..................................................17Figure 3.3. Production Share and Estimated Real-World Fuel Economy ..................................................18Figure 3.4. Vehicle Type Distribution by Manufacturer for Model Year 2024 ..........................................20Figure 3.5. Car-Truck Classification of SUVs with Inertia Weights of 4000 Pounds or Less ...................21Figure 3.6. Average New Vehicle Weight by Vehicle Type...........................................................................23Figure 3.7 Inertia Weight Class Distribution by Model Year .......................................................................24Figure 3.8. Average New Vehicle Weight by Vehicle Type and Powertrain...............................................26Figure 3.9. Relationship Between Inertia Weight and Fuel Economy........................................................27Figure 3.10. Average New Vehicle Horsepower by Vehicle Type ...............................................................29Figure 3.11. Horsepower Distribution by Model Year.................................................................................30Figure 3.12. Average New Vehicle H