5G定位：随时随地确定5G设备位置

Content Introduction3Enhancing 5G connectivity services with positioning4Advantages and challenges with 5G positioning8Combining 5G positioning with other positioning technologies13Recommended positioning solutions15Positioning services in 6G networks17Conclusion19References20Authors21 Introduction The positioning market is huge and continues to grow. While its value was USD 1.27 billionin 2024, it is projected to expand at a compound growth rate (CGR) of 28 percent from2025 to 2033, according to Growth Market Reports [1]. 5G standalone networks provideconsumers, enterprises, and the public sector with precise positioning services that canwork seamlessly indoors and outdoors. 5G-based solutions that deliver both high-quality Enhancing 5Gconnectivityservices with Positioning is an increasingly important key enabler for logistics, industrial automation,advanced driver assistance systems, digital airspace services, digital representations ofcities or factory floors, and many other applications, creating added value for various use •insights, provided by relatively coarse positioning accuracy for use cases like networkoptimization and anonymous traffic analysis for urban planning•monitoring and tracking for use cases such as asset tracking and emergency services, All the three use case categories benefit from standardized interfaces between theapplication and the actual positioning mechanisms– network exposure application program Positioning based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is nowadays taken forgranted and provides sufficient accuracy in many outdoor areas. However, GNSS does notwork well for indoor use cases, where a large fraction of 5G devices are located, or in otherscenarios with limited line of sight (LOS) to satellites, like urban canyons. Indoor positioningsolutions are more scattered and are based on technologies such as ultra-wideband (UWB), 5G positioning today offers accuracy and reliability that is already sufficient for many usecases, both indoors and outdoors, such as locating equipment in hospitals or factories,or locating an emergency caller. The positioning accuracy ultimately depends on thedeployment density—how far apart the base stations are—as well as the amount of clutterin the environment, and measurement and computation capabilities of the base stations.The primary technology in 5G positioning is radio-based, relying on transmission andreception points (TRP) and their known locations in the environment. The device or user The positioning support in 3GPP standards has continually evolved since Release 16: •Release 16 supports a positioning accuracy of less than three meters for indoor scenarios•Release 17 supports horizontal accuracy to within 20 centimeters•Release 18 adds bandwidth aggregation, carrier phase, and GNSS augmentation toprovide potential for centimetric-level precision [2]•Release 19 introduces the artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) realm, In practice, positioning errors below three meters with 90 percent reliability can be expectedindoors in cluttered environments, while significantly better performance can be achieved inopen spaces, even if several error sources come into play. Our current indoor tests in lightly In outdoor scenarios, positioning errors below 20 meters can be achieved when the device hasLOS or near-line-of-sight to a base station equipped with an advanced antenna system, whichcan estimate the AOA of uplink radio signals. If the device to be positioned is not within LOS, The main technical components of 5G positioning are shown in Figure 2. The passivepositioning service is inherently available in cellular networks as the position of a devicecan be determined based on regular signal strength measurements. Also, knowing in whichnetwork cell the UE is present gives an approximate position, which can be good enough Outdoor use cases can be supported by measuring the AOA and estimating the distance tothe device. If increased accuracy is required, the positioning accuracy can be improved by Indoor use cases require less coverage area and are supported by techniques such as timedifference of arrival, which use low-power and low-complexity base stations. GNSS accuracy outdoors can be further bolstered by adding assistance for real-timekinematic (RTK) positioning via the cellular network, which greatly improves accuracy. Figure 3. Time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning measurement and estimation,utilizing the TOA measurements done by the base stations. For two-dimensional (2D)positioning, LOS between the device and three base station antennas is required. Each pair Figure 4. By estimating the AOA of an uplink signal and the distance to the device, a singlebase station can determine the position of the device. An AAS has a grid of receiver antennabeams in both the zenith and the azimuth. By determining which beam or set of beams theuplink positioning signal is in, the base station can compute the angle