通知碳捕获、利用和储存的部署

Foreword As we work together, globally, to address the impactsof climate change, we will need a range of solutions to Let’s be clear – bringing CCUS projects to reality iscomplex. It requires a reimagining of value chains.It demands significant cooperation and risk sharing Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) offersa viable and practical way to prevent greenhouse gasfrom entering the atmosphere by capturing carbondioxide emissions from industrial sources and storingthem safely and permanently. This process can play a This is whereCCS-as-a-serviceplays a role. Byunbundling the value chain and enabling third-partycapture, transport, and storage services, the barriers Here, with an eye to how to overcome them, we discussthe main deployment challenges facing businessestoday. Financing CCUS remains a core challenge, but Stephen BuskieSenior Manager, WBCSD Despite this CCUS is often misunderstood. There arecommon misconceptions surrounding the role of CCUS innet-zero mitigation pathways. These misconceptions canconfuse stakeholders, reducing the likelihood that they International regulatory frameworks for CCUS are atthe heart of the growth in CCUS applications, withjurisdictions adopting varied approaches based on local Robert HinesSenior Consultant, Arup In this report we address these misconceptions byshowcasing the progression of CCUS over multipledecades. A mix of science, policy and businesscase innovation means the reality behind these Together, these developments signal a maturingCCUS ecosystem, one that is increasingly capable of Craig McCaffertyAssociate Director, Arup Table of contents 05.Interactions betweenCCUS and carbon dioxide Introduction01. 01.Introduction Many sectors are under growing pressure to delivercredible reductions in product level carbon intensity.Achieving this when emissions are driven by processchemistry or where electrification is constrained by Specific objectives Context CCUS can prevent CO2from entering the atmosphere by →Clarify common misconceptions about CCUS capturing emissions at source and storing them safelyand permanently. It can also enable carbon dioxide →Summarize the current state of global deploymentand the direction of travel for scaling CCUS in hard-to- removal pathways when biogenic or atmospheric CO2is captured and durably stored. Real-world deliveryis complex because CCUS requires new value chaincoordination and risk sharing across parties thathistorically did not interact. Deployment also depends →Explain the value chain from capture through transport(including non-pipeline options) to permanent storage, Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)is often presented as part of the solution, yet itremains surrounded by misconceptions aboutmaturity, energy use, safety, and whether it deliversmeaningful emissions reductions. This report cutsthrough the noise by summarizing evidence from →Describe the main deployment challenges and what →Distinguish emissions reductions from carbon dioxideremovals and explain how CCUS technologies can Objective of this report The objective of this report is to provide demand-sideleaders in hard to abate industry with a fact-based,decision-relevant overview of CCUS, including technical Limitation of this report This report is a strategic overview and is not a substitutefor site-specific engineering design, permitting,commercial contracting, or detailed life cycleassessment required for investment decisions or product Cutting through the noise Table 1 shows the common misconceptions aboutCCUS that are addressed in this report. Exploringthese misconceptions together with a summary of This report offers evidence from current deployments,regulatory frameworks and technological advances, CCUS as a materially significant contributor to the 02.The scale and pace of global deploymentCCUSprogress The International Energy Agency maintains acomprehensive database of CCUS projects. Unless Operational and planned CCUS capacity There is currently 51 million metric tons of CO2(MtCO2)per year of capture capacity in operationglobally (Figure 1), with a further 21 MtCO2peryear under construction, giving a global total of72.3 MtCO2per year. By 2030 there is a further 327MtCO2per year planned to be operational. Notingthat less than 10% of this capacity is in construction(as of 2025) this is a highly ambitious target. When examining the global distribution of CCUSprojects and their applications, there is a cleartrend to hydrocarbon processing applications(64% of current deployments – Figure 2) in oil and gas producing regions, especially the Americas(Figure 3). This is closely linked to the treatment of sour gas (high CO2content) methane extractionand the use of CO2as a fluid in enhanced oil In Europe, the sole focus of CCUS projects is onreducing emissions across power generation andindustry. By 2030 Europe is projected to hold 31% the world’s first comprehensive record of operationalundergroun