签证政策与中国赴欧洲旅游

VISA POLICY AND CHINESE TRAVEL Brussels, November 2018Copyright © 2018 European Travel Commission All rights reserved. The contents of this report may be quoted, provided the source is given accurately andclearly. Distribution or reproduction in full is permitted for own or internal use only. While we encourage The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression ofany opinions whatsoever on the part of the Executive Unit of the European Travel Commission. Published and printed by the European Travel CommissionRue du Marché aux Herbes, 61, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumWebsite:www.etc-corporate.orgEmail:info@visiteurope.com ISBN: 978-92-95107-21-2 URISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATIONBRACING THE PARIS AGREEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Background................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 The importance of visa facilitation .......................................................................................................... 41.2 Benefits of visa facilitation...................................................................................................................... 4 2. Case studies & methodology..................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Case studies .......................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Visa policy for China................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 European visa constraints ..................................................................................................................... 83.2 China: a constrained source market....................................................................................................... 9 4. Annex......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Comparison to prior analysis....................................................................................................................... 15 1. BACKGROUND 1.1 The importance of visa facilitation International tourism is an important driver of European economies in terms of its size and growth potential.International tourism arrivals in European countries accounted for over half of arrivals worldwide in 2017, and However, travel restrictions limit the growth potential of international travel, especially from key emergingmarkets which are taking a growing share of global tourism demand and will continue to rise in prominence.According to UNWTO research 61% of the global population would have required a visa for international travelin 2015. The same research also suggests that European destinations are less open than the global average. Liberalisation of travel has been observed to generate substantial increases in travel spending and job creation.Benefits have been identified in previous research published by UNWTO and WTTC (carried out in conjunction Other studies have also identified visa policy benefits including the analysis carried out by TE on behalf of theOrganisation of Islamic Countries as well as the European Commission study focussing on the Schengen area. Similar methodology is followed in this report to identify the potential benefits of visa facilitation policy forEuropean nations. The main benefits and types of visa facilitation policy are described below. The purpose of 1.2 Benefits of visa facilitation Numerous case studies clearly demonstrate the benefits to travel demand from visa facilitation policies. Visasare viewed as a formal constraint by travellers, involving additional trip costs in terms of either monetary costor indirect costs in the form of time spent waiting or completing complex application procedures. If these costs Visa facilitation policy has clear benefits to destinations of promoting ease of travel and raising visitor volumes.The relative attractiveness of a destination is raised allowing greater competition in global travel marketsand gain of market share as well as potentially raising total international travel demand for source markets, These findings are not new; 87 delegates at the 1963 United Nations Conference on International Travel &Tourism in Rome agreed that “Governments should extend to the maximum number of countries the practice of However, sovereign states retain the right to control access of foreign nationals, with no international agreementto open borders beyond granting the right to citizens to exit and re-enter their home countries. 1.3 Challenges facing facilitation It has to be acknowledged that visas do serve vital roles for states beyond tourism, as listed below.Any facilitation of vi