Generative AI's transformative power in the medical field

Table of contents 01An overview 02Opportunities in the Indian healthcare system 03Building a holistic GenAI ecosystem 04Regulatory frameworks around GenAI 05Navigating risks while deploying GenAI 06Way forward: Developing a winning ecosystem in India 01 An overview Evolution of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) GenAI is a subset of AI that specialises in creating novel human-like outputs. It prioritises advanced learning approaches and How did we get here? Gradually, then suddenly Capabilities Agentic AIevolved asa natural progression ofGenAI, shifting from passivecontent creation to actively •Search, analysis, prediction•Automated summarisation andaugmentation Enhanced transformercapabilities:This yearsaw the emergence ofsmart transformers forefficient power systems,multimodal models likeVision Transformer (ViT) for Restricted BoltzmannMachine (RBM):RBMsstartedbeing used to detectvarious diseases suchas diabetic retinopathyand classification of brain Benefits Emergence of largelanguage models (LLMs): •Knowledge management•Productivity and efficiency gains•Accelerated innovation The development oftransformer architecturesled to the creation of LLMslike BERT, which excel in Deep learning revolution:The introduction ofAlexNet demonstrated that deep CNNs could outperformtraditional methods in imageclassification tasks.3 Rise of CNNs andrecurrent neural network(RNNs): LeNet-5,1990s developed by Yann LeCun,became a significantmilestone for CNNs in Modern neural network:The backpropagation Key challenges algorithm was popularised,enabling multi-layer networksto learn complex patterns. •Ascertaining the rationalebehind the system’s‘hallucinations’ Smarter healthcare with GenAI Potential impact of GenAI acrossbusiness functions5 Improved comprehension:The new-agealgorithms have the potential to overcome the •Market: USD8.7 trillion market by 2032•CAGR: 23.56% for 2024–2030 Complex clinical scenarios:The latestmodels specialise in multi-step rationalising,allowing them to give accurate responsesconsistently. This capability helps humanstakeholders (doctors, nurses, medical staff) Increased contextual awareness:GenAImodels can provide a complete backgroundof a patient’s medical history, includingdiagnoses, symptoms and past allergies/medications by collecting this information Sources: •PwC, ‘Understanding the impact of GenAI on the Indianhealthcare ecosystem’ Clinical data aggregation:Automatingdata aggregation from historical/legacymedical records to create a longitudinalpatient record reduces the administrative Indian GenAI landscape6 USD800millionTotal earnings + investments Health trend analyses:Newer modelscan help healthcare providers understanddisease trends and respond proactively,resulting in better outcomes at the 250startupsGenAI in healthcare 02 Opportunities in the Indian Potential of GenAI: Clinical outcomes and productivity GenAI holds immense potential to transform the current healthcare system by supporting improved decision making andstreamlining workflows while also reducing the administrative burden. Besides, it empowers healthcare providers to deliver Private healthcare providers Public healthcare •Clinical decision support system•Discharge summary generation•Wellness (self-care/corporate wellness)•Mental health •Disease surveillance and outbreak prediction•Patient and population education•Population health management It can help with generating medical content,images as well as videos to streamline healthcare To summarise, GenAI has the capability to improveprovider productivity to a large extent. It has the potential to cut down on manualeffort and lower costs. GenAI can also improveclinical outcomes through early/better diagnosis, Apart from routine data collection and respondingto general inquiries, GenAI-enabled chatbots can Increased productivity Improving healthcare outcomes •Individualised treatment plans:GenAI createsprecise and efficient tailored therapies by analysing a •Generate medical content, images and videos tostreamline healthcare communication. •Automated patient charting:Gen AI can streamlineand generate the content of a patient’s chart,minimising the manual efforts of healthcare providers.•Health avatar:An AI-powered digital twin can be usedto capture the patient’s comprehensive health status. Healthcare payers Executing policy roadmaps:Using GenAI tools to identifybeneficiaries via sociodemographic variables can help inreducing the administrative burden, improving utilisation Gen AI can have a significant role in designing the healthfinancing policy of a country and achieving Universal Designing health financing policy:Collating and analysingthe vast amount of health spend data coming from differentstakeholders (e.g. Insurance Regulatory and Development India’s ‘epidemiological transition’ journey has laggedbehind its economic transition (incomplete public Developing tools to streamline the healthcare