2025版全球太阳能报告：光伏性能现状

The State of PV Performance Introduction Contents Executive Summary Chapter 1:Scaling Power, Sharpening Performance Chapter 2:Anatomy of Power Loss Chapter 3:Benchmarking DC Health Conclusion About Raptor Maps Introduction Raptor Maps studies the performance and risk profiles of solarassets around the world in order to distillindustry trendsand tohighlight opportunitiesfor the rapidly growing solar industry.This report is a summary of Raptor Maps’ research. The 2025 Global Solar Report draws upon193 GWdcof utility-scale and commercial and industrial (C&I) solar PV analysis, with67 GWdc of analysis in 2024 alone. In this report, you will find: Asset performance metrics over the last 5 years and findingson macro-trends driving underperformanceCommon problems found and their impact on powerproductionTrends in site work automation and resource deploymentA wide range of performance benchmarks by:Type of panel technology utilizedCapacity of installationU.S. electric power markets and U.S. states ExecutiveSummary In 2024, the solar industry demonstrated remarkable growth and resilience,surpassing 2terawatts (TW) in global capacity just two years after broaching 1 terawatt[1]. Thephotovoltaic (PV) market has cemented its position as a robust and competitivealternative to traditional energy generation, with the International Energy Agency (IEA) Chinais expected to account for 60% of global capacity expansion.TheEuropean Unionis forecasted to 2x their installed capacity by 2030.Indiais expected to emerge as the fourth-largest market, growing 3.5x in capacity.TheUnited Statesinstalled 40.5GW in 2024, bringing the total to 219 GW. The sector However, expansive growth in the solar industry is not without its challenges, especiallyas a maturing fleet reveals new and at times unexpected risk categories: Equipment-driven underperformancehas tripled over the last 5 years, highlighting acontinued need for efficiently deploying resources for reporting issues and correctivemaintenance. risks, such as storms, floods and fires.Industry models continue to underestimate theeffects of weather-related events by 300+% [4]. Asset owners have turned to creativemethods to manage risk, such as preventative investment in design and maintenance sizes and average installed capacity. In the U.S. specifically, “nearly 70% of the truecost of solar O&M comes from labor-based inflationary costs” [5]. [1][2] “Solar PV power capacity in the Net Zero Scenario, 2015-2030.” IEA,www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/solar-pv-power-capacity-in-the-net-zero-scenario-2015-2030.[3] “Solar Market Insight Report Q4 2024.” SEIA/Wood Mackenzie, 10 Jan. 2025,seia.org/research-resources/solar-market-insight-report-q4-2024.[4] “Solar Risk Assessment.” kwH Analytics, 2024,https://www.kwhanalytics.com/solar-risk-assessment. Political headwinds, such as President Trump’s tariffs and the U.S. leaving the ParisClimate Accords, could impact the growth of U.S. solar as infrastructure investors mightgravitate towards lenient policies for domestic natural gas. The momentum of solar These three industry-wide trends - rapid growth, changing energypolicy landscape, and increasing financial pressure - underscore theimportance of ensuring that already installed assets perform as To that end, Raptor Maps has uncovered 4 main trends in this year’s Report: While the growth in average underperformance year-over-year has slowed down, thereis still significant opportunity for owners to close the gap between modeled andactual performance. In 2024, the average solar farm in our datasetlost up to$5,720/MWdc per year from unresolved equipment issues. Extrapolated to the wholeindustry, that indicatesan annualized potential revenue loss of $10.0 billion[7] fromsolar underperformance. Aboutthe data The Raptor Maps platform identifies and categorizes issues on solar assets that cancause safety, compliance, or performance issues. Ournormalized and aggregateddataset of 193 GWcontains data on issues ranging from damaged erosion BMPs to Most of this report will focus on DC health, module cracking, and equipment-drivenunderperformance – apotential $10B problem for the global solar industry. In 2024 alone, the Raptor Maps platform analyzed data from 67 GW of PV systems, ofwhich 52 GW were for DC health analysis. Notably,lost capacity from equipmentanomalies has tripled (3.1x) over the last five years, underscoring the growing challengefor solar owners and operators. The following section highlights key trends in DC health Power loss is calculated by applying a loss factor to each impacted module based on the This year’s report applies a refined methodology to account for assets with multipleinspections within the same year, which is a rising trend that Raptor Maps has observed. Chapter1 SCALING CAPACITY, In 2024, the average solar asset experienced apotential revenue loss of $5,720 per MWdc, peryearfrom equipment-driven underperformance. UnderperformanceContinu