基于人工智能系统的有意义人类控制的人机系统集成

Human Systems Integration for MeaningfulHuman Control Over AI-Based Systems (Intégration humain-systèmes pour un contrôle humainsensé des systèmes basés sur l’IA) This report describes the main findings and conclusions of theHFM-330 research group on Meaningful Human Control. STO TECHNICAL REPORT Human Systems Integration for MeaningfulHuman Control Over AI-Based Systems (Intégration humain-systèmes pour un contrôle humainsensé des systèmes basés sur l’IA) This report describes the main findings and conclusions of theHFM-330 research group on Meaningful Human Control. The NATO Science and Technology Organization Science & Technology (S&T) in the NATO context is defined as the selective and rigorous generation and application ofstate-of-the-art, validated knowledge for defence and security purposes. S&T activities embrace scientific research,technology development, transition, application and field-testing, experimentation and a range of related scientificactivities that include systems engineering, operational research and analysis, synthesis, integration and validation ofknowledge derived through the scientific method. In NATO, S&T is addressed using different business models, namely a collaborative business model where NATOprovides a forum where NATO Nations and partner Nations elect to use their national resources to define, conduct andpromote cooperative research and information exchange, and secondly an in-house delivery business model where S&Tactivities are conducted in a NATO dedicated executive body, having its own personnel, capabilities and infrastructure. The mission of the NATO Science & Technology Organization (STO) is to help position the Nations’ and NATO’s S&Tinvestments as a strategic enabler of the knowledge and technology advantage for the defence and security posture ofNATO Nations and partner Nations, by conducting and promoting S&T activities that augment and leverage thecapabilities and programmes of the Alliance, of the NATO Nations and the partner Nations, in support of NATO’sobjectives,and contributing to NATO’s ability to enable and influence security and defence related capabilitydevelopment and threat mitigation in NATO Nations and partner Nations, in accordance with NATO policies. The total spectrum of this collaborative effort is addressed by seven Technical Panels who manage a wide range ofscientific researchactivities, a Group specialising in modelling and simulation, plus a Committee dedicated tosupporting the information management needs of the organization. •AVTApplied Vehicle Technology Panel•HFMHuman Factors and Medicine Panel•ISTInformation Systems Technology Panel•NMSGNATO Modelling and Simulation Group•SASSystem Analysis and Studies Panel•SCISystems Concepts and Integration Panel•SETSensing Technology Panel•TSITechnology and Science Incubation Panel These Panels and Group are the power-house of the collaborative model and are made up of national representatives aswell as recognised world-class scientists, engineers and information specialists. In addition to providing criticaltechnical oversight, they also provide a communication link to military users and other NATO bodies. The scientific and technological work is carried out by Technical Teams, created under one or more of these eightbodies, for specific research activities which have a defined duration. These research activities can take a variety offorms, including Task Groups, Workshops, Symposia, Specialists’ Meetings, Lecture Series and Technical Courses. The content of this publication has been reproduced directly from material supplied by STO or the authors. Published December 2025Copyright © STO/NATO 2025All Rights ReservedISBN 978-92-837-2586-2 Single copies of this publication or of a part of it may be made for individual use only by those organisations orindividuals in NATO Nations defined by the limitation notice printed on the front cover. The approval of the STOInformation Management Systems Branch is required for more than one copy to be made or an extract included inanother publication. Requests to do so should be sent to the address on the back cover. Table of Contents Page List of FiguresviiiList of TablesxHFM-330 Membership Listxi Executive Summary and SynthèseES-1 Chapter 1 – Introduction and Objectives1-1 1.1Background and Motivation1-11.2A Brief Introduction to Meaningful Human Control1-21.3Dimensions of Control1-21.3.1When? Real Time or Prior Control1-31.3.2By Whom? Single and Distributed Control1-31.3.3What? Direct or Indirect Control1-41.4AI Can Take Many Forms1-41.4.11stGen AI: Planning, Search and Control Algorithms1-41.4.22ndGen AI: Deep Learning1-51.4.33rdGen AI: Generative AI1-51.4.4Distributed AI1-61.5How MHC Relates to the NATO Principles of Responsible AI1-61.6Structure of this Report1-7 Chapter 2 – Military Significance of AI-Based Technology 2-1 2.1Civil Applications of AI2.2Military Applications of AI2.3Scenario Summaries2.3.1Armed Ground Robot in Tunne