备忘录：加强国家行动，消除铅暴露

AIDE-MEMOIRE Checklist For enhanced country action to eliminate lead exposure Lead is a toxic metal whose extensive use has led toenvironmentalcontamination,human exposure andsignificant public health problems globally. Lead isamong the top 10 chemicals of public health concern,accordingto the WHO.Activities leading tocontamination include mining, smelting, manufacturing, Measurements & ☐Laboratories with thecapacity to monitor blood leadlevels available and monitoringprogrammes in place☐Legally binding controls onlead paint established☐Environmental and air-quality regulations enforced☐Strict standards and © WHO / Blink Media –Tali Kimelman Exposure can occur through inhalation or ingestion. No level of lead exposure isconsidered safe. It can affect multiple body systems and damage the brain, liver,kidneys, bones, blood and reproductive system. While it is particularly harmful toyoung children (especially affecting their brain and central nervous system) andwomen of child-bearing age, it can accumulate over time and cause a high death Yet the harmful health effects from lead are entirely preventable. Past reductionsin lead use in petrol, paint, plumbing, and solder have significantly lowered averageblood lead levels. But major sources of exposure still exist, especially in low- and Policies & actions ☐Lead paint eliminated☐Safe recycling of lead-containing waste, especially Awareness raising & WHO support to countries Provides a summary of national data on legally binding regulation onthe production, import, sale and use of lead paints. ☐Information about sourcesand health risks of leadexposure and protective Provides evidence-based guidance on the clinical management of leadexposure.Works with countries to mobilize response to outbreaks of mass leadexposure and provide technical assistance.Provides a compendium of available interventions to prevent exposure ☐Information about safedisposal of lead-acid batteriesand other electronic devicesprovided to the public ☐Health sector informed andtrained on the diagnosis andmanagement of lead poisoning Key elements for country action Governance Engage the health sector to cooperate across sectors, such as water and sanitation, industry, waste, environmentand food to minimize the use and exposure to lead.Ensure health gains from removal or improved management of lead are considered in all relevant policies outside Awareness raising and Measurements and regulations Policies and actions Phase-out non-essential usesof lead such as in paint.Eliminate leaded solder infood and drink cans, waterpipes, and remove lead fromhomes, schools, toys, pottery Ensure the availability oflaboratories with the capacity to monitor blood lead levels.Establish legally binding controlson lead paint.Enforce environmental and air-quality regulations, including formining, smelting, manufacturingand recycling activities. Educate the public about thesources of exposure, dangersof lead-containing products, the risks of lead exposure, andhow to protect themselves and their families.Educate the public about theimportance of safe disposal of for cooking or eating, spices,traditional medicine, and lead-acid batteries and otherelectronic devices. Collect data about lead infoodstuffs and other consumer Main resources: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lead-poisoning-and-healthhttps://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/chemical-safety-and-health/health-impacts/chemicals/leadhttps://www.who.int/health-topics/lead-poisoning#tab=tab_1https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/indicator-groups/legally-binding-controls-on-lead-paint Additional information: https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/chemical-safety-and-health/ Please note: This aide mémoire provides summary information on lead poisoning. More details on other environmental health topics areprovided in various other related materials.