减少抗菌素耐药性和医疗相关感染的干预措施的投资回报

Return on investment of interventionsto reduce antimicrobial resistanceand healthcare-associated infections Disclaimers This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Director-General of the WHO. Theopinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of theOECDor those of the World Health Organization. The names and representation of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization and the OECD concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedbythe World Health Organization and the OECD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization and the OECD to verify the information containedinthis publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Theresponsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization or theOECD be liable for damages arising from its use. Please cite thispublication as: OECD/WHO (2025),Return on investment of interventions to reduce antimicrobial resistance and healthcare-associatedinfections, OECD Publishing, Paris,https://doi.org/10.1787/3f9cd4a7-en. Photo credits:Cover©hitam putih 83/Shutterstock.com. © OECD/WHO 2025. Attribution 3.0 IGO (Intergovernmental Organizations) (CC-BY 3.0 IGO) This work is made available under theCreativeCommons Attribution 3.0 IGO licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the termsof this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancybetween the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD and WHO.The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views ofthe OECD orof its Member countries or those of the World Health Organization. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtainingpermission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD’s or WHO’s respective logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD orWHO endorse your use of the work. Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration(PCA) ArbitrationRules 2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Geneva (Switzerland). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Thispaperhas been prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)and the World HealthOrganization(WHO) pursuant to a request by the 2024 Italian Presidency of theGroup of Seven (G7) to develop an analysis with a focus on a One Health response to antimicrobialresistance (AMR) and on infection prevention and control (IPC) policies. Acknowledging the serious threat that AMR poses to population health,economiesand societies, the G7,the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) and the Group of Twenty (G20) have prioritised AMR as akey focus in their public health and global health initiatives. In October2024, G7 Health Ministerscommitted to work together on the implementation of a One Health approach with a focus on AMR,supporting overarching global targets of reducing AMR-related deaths by 10% by 2030. Recent globaldiscussions have been informed by analyses by the Quadripartite organisations (the Food and AgricultureOrganizationof the United Nations [FAO], the United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP], the WHO,and the WorldOrganizationfor Animal Health [WOAH]), the OECD, the World Bank, and technical expertsfrom relevant sectors. Thispaperaimedto support the G7, under the 2024 Italian Presidency in itsNovemberHigh-LevelMeetingonFosteringInternationalCo-operati