利什曼病：世界卫生组织非洲区域在消灭利什曼症方面取得的20年进展

Leishmaniasis: 20 years ofprogress towards eliminationin the WHO African Region © World Health Organization, 2025Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial Share Alike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo isnot permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent CreativeCommons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with themediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Leishmaniasis: 20 years of progress towards elimination in the WHO African Region.Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa, 2025. Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris.Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, suchas tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for thatreuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they areendorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed orimplied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event All photos: ©WHO Designed in Contents 2.1Key events in the fight against leishmaniasis......................................................................42.2Key policies and strategies...................................................................................................8 3.Epidemiology of leishmaniasis..................................................................................................9 3.1Overall status of visceral leishmaniasis.............................................................................103.2Overall status of cutaneous leishmaniasis........................................................................12 4.1Evolution of response strategies........................................................................................174.2Outcomes............................................................................................................................18 5.Best practices, lessons learnt and continued challenges....................................................236.Special initiatives contributing to the elimination of leishmaniasis: role of theWHO Regional Office.................................................................................................................27 7.1Areas of improvement.........................................................................................................307.2Priorities moving forward...................................................................................................30 8.Conclusion..................................................................................................................................32 Executive summary Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that predominantly affects impoverished populations. It remains asignificant health issue in four eco-epidemiological regions: the Americas, East Africa, North Africa, and West Asia andSoutheast Asia. According to WHO’s Weekly epidemiological record (WER), 99 countries and territories are endemic for Although the overall reporting rate for leishmaniasis is low, the African Region has made notable progress, achievinghigh reporting rates in 2023 and 2024.1This improvement is attributed to advocacy efforts, standardized reporting toolsand training for data managers and health professionals. The Eastern Mediterr