2025年综合报告：欧盟卫生政策改革趋势

Synthesis Report2025 Health Policy Reform Trendsin the EU ©World Health Organization (acting as the host organisation for, and secretariat of, the European Observatoryon Health Systems and Policies)/OECD, 2025 This work shall be made available under a Creative Commons NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO(Intergovernmental Organizations) licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). For the OECD, this work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. Theopinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Membercountries of the OECD. The views and opinions expressed in European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies publications donot necessarily represent the official policy of the Participating Organizations. This work was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein canin no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. The names and representation of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice ofthe WHO. This document, as well as any data and map included herein are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name ofany territory, city or area. Specific territorial disclaimers are applicable to the OECD and can be found at the following link:https://www.oecd.org/en/about/terms-conditions/oecd-disclaimers.html. Additional disclaimers for WHO apply. State of Health in the EU Synthesis Report2025 Health Policy Reform Trendsin the EU Foreword Europe’s health systems continue to face immense public health challenges in a rapidly changinggeopoliticalenvironment.Epidemiological and demographic shifts,rising defence and climaterelated expenditures, high and/or growing economic inequality, and rapid technological change areputting European welfare systems under significant pressure. Without coordinated adaptation andtransformation, these pressures risk deepening health inequalities and undermining the sustainability ofcare. As countries work to recover from recent crises and prepare for future challenges, strengtheninghealth system effectiveness, accessibility and resilience has become even more urgent. TheState ofHealth in the EUinitiative, funded under the EU4Health Programme, continues to serve as a key sourceof evidence and inspiration for policy-makers, researchers and citizens across Europe. ThisSynthesis Reportdraws together insights from the latest 2025Country Health Profilesto takestock of current reforms and highlight how countries are addressing four major interconnected healthsystem challenges: preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs), strengthening primary care,accelerating digital health transformation, and promoting affordable access to pharmaceuticals andinnovation.These challenges cut across all Member States, calling for both national action and collectiveEuropean solutions.In this edition, a renewed focus is placed on how countries are responding to thesechallenges – exploring the policy approaches and reform pathways shaping health systems across theEuropean Union (EU). The report shows that Member States are stepping up primary prevention through stronger public healthpolicies, reforming primary care to become more integrated and people-centred, investing strategicallyin digital health infrastructures, and redesigning pharmaceutical policies to improve affordability andsustainability in line with key EU legislations such as on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and theEuropean Health Data Space (EHDS). Primary care remains a crucial gateway to the health system,yet challenges such as general practitioner (GP) shortages and accessibility concerns, includingthe affordability of medicines, persist. Short- to medium-term digital innovation can help improvecoordination and efficiency, while in the longer term, effective public health policies can help ease theburden on primary care. Together, these efforts demonstrate the creativity, determination and solidarityof European health systems in adapting to complex health, economic and demographic pressuresand their commitment to build a strong European Health Union. Importantly, the report also showshow health systems can contribute to the competitiveness of the EU. It highlights innovation throughpharmaceutical Research and Development (R&D) and investment in health-related information andcommunication technologies (ICT) as well as the potential to generate higher overall economic outputfrom improved population health. This edition reaffirms our shared commitment – from the European Commission, the EuropeanObservatory on Health Systems and Policies and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) – to provide robust analysis and comparative evidence that supports effectiveand equitable health policy. By learning from one another, Europe can continue to bu